黄曲霉毒素B1致肾脏损伤的分子机制及核因子E2相关因子2信号通路的调节潜力OA

Aflatoxin B1(AFB1),a potent carcinogenic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus,is widely present in contaminated grains and feeds,posing a serious threat to both animal and human health.The kidney is a crucial target organ for AFB1 toxicity,with damage mechanisms including oxidative stress,inflammatory response,apoptosis,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Recent studies have shown that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling pathway plays a key protective role in resisting AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity.Nrf2 alleviates oxidative damage by regulating the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GPx),and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1);it mitigates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and the release of downstream inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β);and it exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-mitochondrial damage effects by regulating the B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)balance,inhibiting cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease activation,and maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)synthesis.This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms of AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity and focused on the multi-dimensional regulatory potential of the Nrf2 pathway in alleviating AFB1-induced kidney damage,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the future development of kidney protection strategies based on Nrf2 activators.