黑龙江省基于冬黑麦两年三季高产栽培技术构建OA

In order to address the challenges of short growing seasons and prolonged bare soil exposure during winter in the cold regions of Heilongjiang Province,this study established a two-year,three-season annual crop coverage system incorporating"fresh maize-winter rye-soybean(cabbage/adzuki bean)"in Harbin,utilizing the overwintering rye variety Kehe 3008.In this system,fresh maize was sown in early May,followed by the winter rye variety Kehe 3008 in mid-September.After the winter rye was harvested at the heading stage in June of the following year,short-season crops such as early-maturing soybean,cabbage,or adzuki bean were planted.And analyzed crop yield in relation to economic benefits,light and heat resource utilization efficiency,and soil improvement effects.The results showed that the winter rye achieved a fresh forage yield of 30 958.50 kg·ha-1,a hay yield of 9 765.15 kg·ha-1,a crude protein content of 13.8％,and a relative feed value(RFV)of 98.3.Compared to the control,the yields of subsequent soybean,adzuki bean,and cabbage were significantly increased by 18.9％,42.6％,and 37.1％,respectively(P≤0.05).This cropping model generated a total annual output value of 114 535 yuan·ha-1,representing a significant increase of 52.1％over control.The winter rye contributed 24 766 yuan·ha-1 to this total,while the subsequent cabbage crop achieved 37.1％increase in output value.Regarding resource utilization,the inclusion of winter rye as a catch crop captured an additional 1 850℃·d of early spring accumulated temperature.This increased the annual accumulated temperature utilization rate from 58.3％in the traditional model to 98.7％,extended the farmland vegetation coverage period from 150 days to 210 days,and significantly improved light use efficiency by 31.2％.In terms of soil improvement,following winter rye cultivation,soil organic matter content in the 0-20 cm layer increased by 5.8％,available nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 14.8％and 9.3％,respectively,soil bulk density decreased by 4.5％,and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased by 18.6％and 15.2％,respectively.In conclusion,this model achieved year-round green coverage of cultivated land through the winter growth of rye and the integration of short-season crops,significantly improving land use efficiency.It provides an innovative planting model for the sustainable development of agriculture in the cold regions of Northeast China.