焦作市2024年急性呼吸道感染病例多病原检测结果及流行特征分析OA

Objective To determine the pathogen spectrum composition,epidemiological characteristics,and population distribution patterns of acute respiratory infections(ARI)cases in Jiaozuo City,Henan Province in 2024,and to provide scientific basis for precise prevention and control of local respiratory infectious diseases and standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 766 specimens from ILI and SARI cases were collected from national influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Jiaozuo City from January to December 2024.Multiplex real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology was used to detect 16 common respiratory pathogens,and statistical analysis was performed on the test results and epidemiological characteristics.Results Among the 766 specimens,526 tested positive for at least one pathogen,with an overall positivity rate of 68.7%.There were 257 cases(33.6%)of single infection and 269 cases(35.1%)of mixed infections,including 176 cases(23.0%)of double infections,75 cases(9.8%)of triple infections,and 18 cases(2.3%)of quadruple or higher infections.The top five detected pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae(Sp,16.6%),Influenza A virus(Flu A,13.7%,with H1 subtype accounting for 12.4%),Haemophilus influenzae(HIb,11.5%),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(Mp,10.7%),and Human metapneumovirus(HMPV,9.4%).The 4-<18 age group had the highest overall positivity rate(78.9%),with particularly high detection rates of Sp(21.1%),HIb(17.9%),and Mp(13.7%)in this age group.The 0-<4 age group had a higher Sp infection rate(23.2%),while the≥60 age group had the highest detection rate of SARS-CoV-2(15.3%).There was no significant difference in overall positivity rates between males and females(P>0.05),except for HIb detection rates,which were higher in females than males(P=0.035).The Mp detection rate in SARI cases(25.59%)was significantly higher than in ILI cases(4.55%).Temporally,Influenza A virus peaked in December(55.4%),while SARS-CoV-2 showed peaks in March(32.2%)and August(31.8%).Conclusion In 2024,the respiratory tract infections in Jiaozuo were mainly caused by SP,Flu A,HIb,Mp,and HMPV,with children and adolescents bei ng high-risk groups,winter and spring being high-incidence periods,and mixed infections predominantly involving bacterial and viral co-infections.Therefore,respiratory infectious disease prevention and control in Jiaozuo should develop differentiated strategies targeting key populations,dominant pathogens,and epidemic periods,while strengthening pathogen surveillance and precise intervention for severe cases.Conclusion In 2024,Jiaozuo City's ARI epidemic is mainly caused by SP,Flu A,HIb,Mp,and HMPV,with children and adolescents as high-risk groups,winter and spring as peak seasons,and mixed infections primarily characterized by bacterial-viral co-infections.Therefore,respiratory infectious disease prevention and control in Jiaozuo City needs to develop differentiated strategies targeting key populations,dominant pathogens,and epidemic periods,while strengthening pathogen surveillance and precise intervention for severe cases.