2014-2024年上海市某医院围产儿出生缺陷情况分析OA

Objective To understand the changing trend,epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of birth defects in a certain obstetric hospital in District H of a central urban area in Shanghai,and to provide data support for local birth defect prevention and control.Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 2014 to 2024 of a certain obstetric hospital in District H.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates between groups for the data from 2022 to 2024,and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors.Results From 2014 to 2024 in District H,70 825 perinatal infants were monitored,with 1 496 birth defects(21.12‰).Further analysis based on the data of a certain obstetric hospital in District H from 2014 to 2024 showed that among 51 417 perinatal infants,1 367 cases of birth defects occurred,with the top-ranked types being congenital heart disease,polydactyly/syndactyly,cleft lip and cleft palate,neural tube defects,and Down syndrome.Statistical analysis of 495 cases of birth defects among 9 265 perinatal infants in the hospital from 2022 to 2024 revealed that the birth defect rate was higher in males(58.41‰)than in females(42.99‰);higher in non-local residents(93.34‰)than in local residents(29.35‰);higher in the<20-year-old age group of mothers(230.77‰)than in other age groups;and higher in perinatal infants conceived through assisted reproduction(77.61‰)than in those conceived naturally(50.80‰).The differences between groups were statistically significant(χ2=48.42,299.45,8.13,and 4.05,respectively,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that male perinatal infants(aOR=1.39,95%CI:1.14-1.71),gestational age<37 weeks(aOR=2.28,95%CI:1.62-3.22),weight<2 500 g(aOR=4.24,95%CI:2.99-6.00),maternal age<20 years(aOR=5.15,95%CI:1.19-22.29),and parity>1(2 times:aOR=7.63,95%CI:5.72-10.16;3 times or more:aORO=5.60,95%CI:2.67-11.77)were risk factors for birth defects in perinatal infants(all P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of birth defects in a certain obstetric hospital in District H from 2014 to 2024 was basically consistent with the changing trend in District H,but higher than the average level in Shanghai.It is necessary to focus on prenatal screening and diagnosis of birth defects such as congenital heart disease,polydactyly,syndactyly Down syndrome,and neural tube defects,pay attention to the prenatal care of elderly and multiparous women,and strengthen the education and prevention of key populations such as young pregnant women and non-local residents.