"中间地带"的突围:资源民族主义浪潮下东南亚国家的稀土战略OACHSSCD

Amid a new wave of resource nationalism surrounding critical minerals like rare earths,Southeast Asian countries,as a typical group of intermediate zone countries with rich rare earth resources and special geographical position,have once again become the key targets of major powers.However,Southeast Asian rare earth industry has been dominated by multinational corporations in the early stage.Their increasingly prominent position in the global rare earth supply chain has been shaped by the external windows of opportunity and the demands of the region's industries.Faced with structural dependence on rare earths and related high-tech industries,Southeast Asian countries have not resorted to aggressive or exclusionary resource nationalism.They have leveraged their composite advantages of resources,market and geopolitics to pursue a strategy of"embedded autonomy"through measures such as raw material control,industrial guidance and multilateral diplomacy.Their objective is not to build a self-sufficient rare earth industry in the short term,but to ascend the value chain and expand their autonomous space by leveraging their nodal advantages.Despite enduring constraints such as critical technological gaps,insufficient capital scale and weak governance capabilities,the Southeast Asian experience is highly significant.With the rise of Global South and the growing strategic autonomy of intermediate zones,the practices of Southeast Asian countries may emerge as a typical paradigm for intermediate zones navigating global resource politics at the intersection of external opportunities and endogenous demands.