钙钛矿太阳能电池:进展、挑战与未来展望OA

This paper delves into the latest progress,challenges,and future directions of perovskite solar cells.It starts with an introduction to the background knowledge of solar cells,emphasizing the significance of solar energy and outlining the development and main types of solar cells.Then,it thoroughly discusses the research advancements in perovskite solar cells,noting that their rapidly increasing photoelectric conversion efficiency,simplified manufacturing process,and low production cost have made them a research hotspot in the photovoltaic field.Currently,the laboratory efficiency of perovskite solar cells has exceeded 26%,but their performance and stability are still constrained by factors such as material structure,device interface quality,and packaging technology. In terms of materials,the paper provides a detailed introduction to traditional solar cell materials and perovskite materials,highlighting the low cost,low energy consumption,and excellent photoelectric properties of perovskite materials.It points out that the general chemical formula of perovskite materials is ABX ₃,where A usually represents organic cations,B represents metal cations,and X represents halide anions.By adjusting the proportion of A,B,and X ions,the photoelectric properties of perovskite materials can be significantly changed,thereby providing various ways to optimize the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Regarding device fabrication and optimization,the paper explains the working principle of perovskite solar cells and introduces various fabrication techniques such as spin coating and vacuum-assisted deposition,as well as the role of interface engineering in enhancing battery performance.It also discusses the optimization of device structures,including planar formal structures,planar heterojunction structures,and HTL-free structures.Through interface engineering and structural optimization,the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the battery can be effectively improved,thereby enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The paper also focuses on the challenges faced by perovskite solar cells in large-area fabrication,long-term stability,and environmental toxicity.Despite significant laboratory efficiency,maintaining high efficiency during large-area fabrication remains an obstacle.Additionally,the stability of perovskite solar cells needs to be improved due to their sensitivity to environmental factors,and the toxicity issue of lead-based perovskites is urgent.It emphasizes that while encapsulation technology can reduce the risk of lead leakage,only in-depth research on lead-free materials can fundamentally eliminate toxicity hazards. Finally,the paper outlines the future development trends of perovskite solar cells.It is expected that with the deepening of materials science and interface optimization research,fabrication processes will be optimized,and conversion efficiency will continue to increase.Improvements in encapsulation technology will enhance stability and service life,while research on lead-free materials is expected to solve toxicity issues,promoting the development of perovskite solar cells towards more environmentally friendly and safer directions.The paper concludes that perovskite solar cells,as a new type of photovoltaic technology,have shown great application potential with their high photoelectric conversion efficiency and low manufacturing cost.Despite numerous challenges,continuous research and technological innovation are expected to make perovskite solar cells an important part of future sustainable energy solutions.