有机太阳能电池活性层垂直相分离构建技术的演进与发展态势OA

At present,as the global energy and environmental situation is becoming increasingly severe,organic solar cells have become the focus of the scientific research field by virtue of their remarkable advantages such as being lightweight,low-cost,highly flexible and foldable.Thanks to the unremitting efforts of researchers,their energy conversion efficiency has been continuously rising.However,there are still many challenges on the road to commercialization.This article systematically reviews the development track and core performance parameters of organic solar cells,focuses on elaborating various methods,advantages and challenges of constructing vertical phase separation structures by means of layer-by-layer preparation techniques,and also looks forward to the future research trends. The development of organic solar cells has a long history.Since Dr.Deng Qingyun fabricated a device with a D/A layered structure in 1986,it has gone through many key milestones.For example,the birth of the bulk heterojunction structure in 1995 greatly promoted its development process.Nowadays,remarkable breakthroughs have been achieved in energy conversion efficiency,and some research results have exceeded the 20%mark. In the exploration of constructing vertical phase separation structures by layer-by-layer preparation techniques,a variety of methods have emerged.The vacuum evaporation method evaporates or sublimates materials into films in a vacuum chamber.Although it can precisely control the film morphology,it is limited to low-molecular-weight materials and is ineffective in dealing with high-molecular-weight organic polymers.Moreover,the high-vacuum environment brings high energy consumption and material limitations.The film transfer method has great advantages in the layer-by-layer operation of films by means of film preparation and transfer on a substrate,but the photovoltaic performance improvement is hindered due to the donor-acceptor contact problem.The spray deposition method atomizes liquids into condensates,but the uniformity of film thickness and the control precision are poor,which affects the battery performance.The orthogonal solvent method uses the difference in solvent solubility for spin coating.Although it can ensure interface stability,it is very difficult to screen orthogonal solvents.In addition,innovative layer-by-layer preparation methods such as utilizing the temperature characteristics of polymers,water surface diffusion,material solubility adjustment,the development of new polymers and the application of additives are constantly emerging,which continuously promote the improvement of battery efficiency and also keep this research direction popular. Although the current layer-by-layer preparation techniques have achieved remarkable achievements in constructing vertical phase separation structures and have made significant achievements in aspects such as efficiency improvement,material expansion and process optimization,bottlenecks still exist in each method.Looking ahead,with the continuous evolution of materials science,chemistry and preparation techniques,research on organic solar cells will continue to focus on the exploration of new materials and process optimization.Meanwhile,great importance will be attached to environmentally friendly solvents and device stability to fully accelerate its commercialization process,inject new vitality into the energy field and meet the urgent global demand for clean energy.