数据驱动的道德物化研究OA

Moralizing technology aims to embed morality into technical artifacts,thereby guiding users toward ethically desirable actions.The prevailing approach to this can be characterized as knowledge-driven.In contemporary moral design,this relies predominantly on designers,acting as"experts",to embed their moral knowledge into a technology.This knowledge is then translated into a corresponding set of behavioral scripts intended to guide user actions.However,this knowledge-driven approach is fraught with challenges:it places excessive power and responsibility on the designer,the resulting guidance often lacks genuine interactivity;consequently,its overall feasibility and effectiveness have been called into question.As data plays an increasingly prominent role in technology,it is necessary to introduce a data-driven approach to enhance the efficacy of moralizing technology.The core idea is to leverage big data,rather than relying solely on the designer's functional and experiential knowledge,to advance moral design.Specifically,this data-driven moral design can be actualized through three interconnected forms:data consultation,data analysis,and data presentation.First,moral design can be driven by data consultation,where designers utilize data-based intelligent agents,such as LLMs,as assistants to broaden their design concepts and refine details.Second,moral design can be driven by data analysis,which provides objective standards by using relevant data from the technology's potential use-contexts as a foundation.Finally,moral design can be manifested through dynamic data presentation.In this mode,data itself recedes into the background,while the dynamic rules and presentation forms of the data become the designer's primary focus.The integration of these three-fold drivers can effectively distribute the designer's power and responsibility.It helps transform moralizing technology from its traditionally static,passive,and external state,fostering a new reflexive relation between the user and the technology.This enables users,through the guidance of data/technology,to achieve moral self-construction,realizing an effective synthesis of autonomy and heteronomy.Furthermore,the introduction of a data-driven approach brings new potential challenges that demand cautious handling.These include deceptive alignment in data consultation,the lack of data maintenance in analysis and presentation,and the tendency toward over-quantification by both designers and users.Under a dual-driven framework of knowledge and data,moralizing technology offers a new path for ethical construction in our technological era,effectively responding to the aspiration for a state of"excellence"jointly achieved by humans and technology.