表面增强拉曼光谱生物探针在神经退行性疾病诊断中的研究进展OA

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of major chronic disorders characterized by continuous neuronal damage and functional degeneration of the central nervous system,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.They exhibit insidious onset,slow progression,and irreversible impairment,with pathological changes often occurring long before clinical symptoms appear.Therefore,developing highly sensitive detection technologies capable of achieving early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring is of great importance.Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS),relying on strong signal enhancement induced by localized surface plasmon resonance and charge-transfer effects,can achieve ultrasensitive,conformation-specific,and molecular"fingerprint"-level detection of a wide range of disease-related biomarkers in complex biofluids,providing a new approach to compensate for the limitations of traditional imaging,immunoassays,and mass spectrometry in early screening,noninvasive detection,and high-throughput applications.This review systematically summarizes the research progress of SERS in major neurodegenerative diseases over the past decade,highlighting representative advances in protein aggregate structural analysis,fluid biomarker detection,and cellular and tissue imaging,and further discussing how strategies such as lateral-flow assays,microfluidic integration,and machine-learning methods enhance SERS sensitivity,selectivity,and stability.Finally,current challenges in substrate standardization,signal repeatability,and clinical validation are summarized,and the potential of constructing high-performance and multi-biomarker SERS detection platforms for precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases is envisioned.