多元商业模式下电动汽车集群参与多市场两阶段交易决策OA

As a key flexibility resource on the load side,the regulation capability of electric vehicles(EVs)is not only related to physical operation constraints but also to their business modes participating in the electricity market.To fully exploit the flexibility regulation potential of EVs,this paper first models the regulation capabilities of EV clusters under various business modes.Then,a multi-market for electric energy-frequency regulation-reserve-retail,involving a day-ahead and real-time two-stage bi-level optimization model is established to optimize the trading decision behaviors of EV clusters.Finally,case studies are conducted on the IEEE 30-bus system to validate the regulation capabilities of EV clusters under four typical business modes:self-charging with battery ownership,station-controlled charging with battery ownership,station-controlled battery swapping with leasing and recycling,and self-charging with leasing and recycling.The results show that the station-controlled swapping-leasing mode achieves the highest adjustable capability due to its deep regulation advantages,maximizing revenue.Additionally,EV cluster trading strategies tailored to various business modes are proposed.