锂离子电池快充能力的研究进展与展望OA

Fast-charging capability(reaching 80％SOC within 10～15 minutes)is becoming a key per-formance metric for automotive lithium-ion batteries,yet the charging process and achievable effi-ciency are jointly constrained by lithium plating,concentration polarization,ionic-transport limita-tions in thick electrodes,and thermo-electrochemical coupling.This review systematically summa-rizes fast-charging advancements from six perspectives:mechanisms,structural design,thermal man-agement,protocol optimization,online diagnostics,and system integration.Building on a backbone that integrates a risk map(temperature,SOC,and current density),temperature trajectory design(warm charge and fast cool),health constraints,and protocol optimization(MPC and RL),the frame-work couples the structural window of thick electrodes(ε,τ,and L)with BMS-accessible signals(dV/dt,EIS,NFRA,and ΔT/▽T),embedding safety and lifetime constraints directly into the charging-control loop.Safe and efficient fast charging can be enabled through:(i)risk maps that translate un-observed kinetic transport mismatches into hard or soft protocol constraints;(ii)reduced tortuosity,graded porosity,and rational current collector engineering to enhance Deff and suppress polarization under high areal mass loading;(iii)warm charge and fast cool strategies that balance kinetics and side reactions in low-temperature and extreme fast-charging scenarios;(iv)individualized fast-charging control enabled by MPC,ANN-MPC,and RL under diagnostic triggers;and(v)vehicle、charger and grid coordination that sets the upper bound of minute-level energy replenishment.Fi-nally,the article outlines a validation and admission framework based on t80,ΔT,and capacity-fade rate,provides mass-production design recommendations,and highlights key future research direc-tions for fast-charging technologies.