生物炭-沼液配施对酸性红壤氮素转化的长期效应OA
Long-term effects of combined application of biochar and biogas slurry on nitrogen transfor-mation in acidic red soil
土壤酸化与氮素利用效率低下是制约我国南方农业可持续发展的关键瓶颈.本研究通过为期5年的长期田间定位试验,采用白菜-甘薯轮作制度,设置无肥对照(CK)、单施化肥(C0B0)、沼液替代化肥(C0B1)、生物炭配施化肥(C1B0)和生物炭配施沼液(C1B1)5个处理,系统探究了生物炭-沼液协同施用对酸性红壤氮素转化的影响.结果表明,生物炭-沼液配施对土壤酸度影响显著(p＜0.05),经过5年处理后,C1B1处理的土壤pH值从初始的5.44提升至7.13,较C0B0处理提高2.05.与CK处理相比,C1B1处理脲酶活性显著升高30.0％,而硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性分别显著降低35.2％和36.3％,表明氮循环从"硝化-反硝化"主导模式转向"固氮-同化"主导模式.微生物群落分析显示,与C0B0处理相比,C1B1处理的固氮细菌相对丰度显著增加,而硝化细菌丰度显著下降.C1B1处理的白菜和甘薯5年平均产量分别为56.31、46.17 t·hm-2,白菜季和甘薯季的氮肥农学效率分别为234.4、220.4 kg·kg-1,均高于C0B0处理.结构方程模型揭示,pH是调控氮循环的核心驱动因子;随机森林模型结果表明,pH值6.5是氮素利用效率跃升的关键阈值.本研究证实,生物炭-沼液协同施用通过pH介导的多层次调控过程,实现了酸性红壤氮素转化的系统性优化,该技术可在保证产量的前提下大幅减少化肥投入,具有良好的经济与生态效益,为化肥减施增效提供了科学依据.
Soil acidification and low nitrogen use efficiency are key constraints to sustainable agriculture in southern China.A 5-year long-term field experiment with a Chinese cabbage-sweet potato rotation was conducted to systemati-cally explore the effects of combined biochar and biogas slurry application on nitrogen transformation in acidic red soil.Five treatments were set:no fertilizer control(CK),chemical fertilizer alone(C0B0),biogas slurry substitu-ting chemical fertilizer(C0B1),biochar combined with chemical fertilizer(C1B0),and biochar combined with bio-gas slurry(C1B1).Results showed that combined biochar and biogas slurry application significantly(p＜0.05)a-meliorated soil acidity.Soil pH value in C1B1 increased from an initial value of 5.44 to 7.13 after 5 years,which was significantly higher than that in C0B0 by 2.05.Compared with CK,urease activity in C1B1 significantly in-creased by 30.0％,while nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activities decreased significantly by 35.2％and 36.3％,indicating a shift in the nitrogen cycle from nitrification-denitrification dominance to nitrogen fixation-assimi-lation dominance.Microbial community analysis showed that C1B1 significantly increased the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria but decreased the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria compared with C0B0.The 5-year average yields of Chinese cabbage and sweet potato in C1B1 were 56.31,46.17 t·hm-2,respectively,and the agro-nomic efficiency of nitrogen(AEN)was 234.4,220.4 kg·kg-1,respectively,in the Chinese cabbage season and sweet potato season,which were all significantly higher than those of C0B0.Structural equation modeling identified pH as the core driver regulating the nitrogen cycle,and random forest modeling showed that the pH value of 6.5 was the critical threshold for a sharp increase in AEN.In conclusion,combined biochar and biogas slurry application op-timizes nitrogen transformation in acidic red soil through pH-mediated multi-level regulation,which can reduce chem-ical fertilizer input while ensuring yield,providing a scientific basis for reducing chemical fertilizer application and improving efficiency.
应孟飞;管毅伦;靳泽文;赵坤;平立凤;柴彦君;李艳;沈月;颜军
绍兴市粮油作物技术推广中心,浙江绍兴 312000浙江科技大学环境与资源学院,浙江省废弃生物质循环利用与生态处理技术重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310023浙江科技大学环境与资源学院,浙江省废弃生物质循环利用与生态处理技术重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310023浙江树人学院信息科技学院,浙江 杭州 310015浙江科技大学环境与资源学院,浙江省废弃生物质循环利用与生态处理技术重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310023浙江科技大学环境与资源学院,浙江省废弃生物质循环利用与生态处理技术重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310023浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江 杭州 310021浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,浙江 杭州 310020浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站,浙江 杭州 310020
农业科技
生物炭沼液酸性红壤氮素转化氮肥农学效率
biocharbiogas slurryacidic red soilnitrogen transformationagronomic efficiency of nitrogen
《浙江农业学报》 2026 (4)
731-744,14
国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0196000)
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