DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰在哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟中的作用OA

The maturation of mammalian oocytes is precisely regulated by various epigenetic modifications,which dynamically reshape chromatin structure and modulate gene expression,thereby influencing spindle assembly,chromosomal stability,and segregation during oocyte meiosis,ultimately determining oocyte quality and developmental potential.DNA methyltransferases(DNMTs)mediate the formation of oocyte-specific hypermethylated regions,which are crucial for the expression of imprinted genes.Histone modifications exhibit high dynamism during oocyte maturation:acetylation and deacetylation regulated by histone acetyltransferases(HATs)and histone deacetylases(HDACs)directly affect chromatin states;whereas modifications such as histone phosphorylation,lactoylation,glycosylation,and SUMOylation regulate key processes including chromosome condensation,follicular microenvironment homeostasis,spindle dynamics,and chromosome segregation.Collectively,these modifications coordinately influence oocyte maturation.This review focuses on the process of oocyte development and maturation,systematically summarizes the core regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation and histone modification,thereby providing a reference for further elucidating the regulatory network mechanisms underlying mammalian oocyte maturation.