有限孔径下超指向性平面阵优化设计OA

This paper addresses the optimized design of hydrophone arrays under finite-aperture constraints and investigates four planar array configurations:uniform circular array,five-layer nested circular array,8-arm logarithmic spiral array,and umbrella skeleton array.By establishing mathematical models for each array configuration,a comparative analysis is performed on key performance parameters of the directivity functions,including mainlobe width and maximum sidelobe level,as well as the maximum directivity factor in isotropic noise fields.Furthermore,an optimized design procedure for superdirective arrays is presented.Simulation results indicate that the uniform circular array achieves the narrowest horizontal mainlobe width and the lowest sidelobe level,while exhibiting the widest elevational mainlobe width,making it suitable for applications such as underwater omnidirectional target surveillance.In contrast,the umbrella skeleton array demonstrates the narrowest elevational mainlobe width and the second-lowest sidelobe level,however,it also exhibits the widest horizontal mainlobe width,rendering it appropriate for wide-angle surveillance of aerial targets.The performance of the other two arrays lies between these two extremes.This study provides a theoretical foundation and design reference for array selection in various underwater acoustic detection scenarios.