去殖民化视角下西方博物馆文物归还的争议与实践OA

Since the 1980s,the rise of diverse social movements has brought significant transformations to global social and cultural value systems.Critical reflections on cultural rights within museums have emerged in this context,challenging the concept of the national museum that had been shaped since the nineteenth century—particularly those institutions whose collections were obtained through illicit or unequal means during the colonial period.These critiques have prompted museums to reconsider their legitimacy,moral responsibility,and social role,making the"decolonization of museums"a central issue in contemporary museology.In current discussions,the practice of museum decolonization generally includes multiple dimensions such as the diversification of narratives,the reform of exhibition strategies,and the re-evaluation of collection management.This study focuses on one of its most crucial aspects—the restitution of cultural property.It first reviews the conceptual development of"decolonization"and the historical construction of museums under colonial conditions.Then turns to the issue of restitution,analyzing the pluralistic positions surrounding the return of cultural objects.Through a critical examination of representative disputes and a comparative analysis of recent restitution cases in Western museums,it presents the main characteristics and current state of museums in the process of decolonization.