关键生育阶段干旱对水稻生长和水分利用效率的影响OA
Effects of drought on rice growth and water use efficiency at key growth stages
[目的]水稻对干旱胁迫的响应随生育阶段的不同而存在一定差异,探究不同干旱等级对关键生育期水稻形态特征、光合特性、产量构成及水分利用效率的影响规律,为水稻科学灌溉和抗旱减产提供理论依据.[方法]在避雨条件下采用大田小区试验,以正常灌溉为对照(CK),在分蘖期(P1)和抽穗开花期(P2)分别设置轻旱(W1)、中旱(W2)、重旱(W3)、特旱(W4)4个干旱等级处理,测定株高、分蘖动态、叶绿素含量、产量及其构成、耗水量以及水分利用效率.[结果]干旱程度的加剧会抑制水稻形态发育,分蘖期干旱处理株高和分蘖数的平均减幅较抽穗开花期干旱处理分别增加2.0个百分点和4.1个百分点,表现出更为明显的抑制作用.分蘖期和抽穗开花期叶片SPAD值均随干旱等级的提升而下降,较对照组分别下降11.5%～24.2%和6.5%～21.8%.干旱胁迫对水稻产量的影响在分蘖期和抽穗开花期存在一定差异,分蘖期干旱持续至中旱等级时会触发产量逐级下降(降幅8.4%～32.2%),而抽穗开花期不同等级干旱均会导致产量的逐级下降(降幅9.9%～40.1%),分蘖期干旱胁迫的减产因素在于有效穗和穗粒数的减少,抽穗开花期则在于千粒质量和结实率的显著下降.分蘖期和抽穗开花期耗水量均随干旱等级的升高分别逐级下降6.8%～20.1%和6.3%～17.8%,而水分利用效率则呈现生育期分异,分蘖期各干旱处理平均降幅不大(2.5%),抽穗开花期平均降幅达14%.[结论]分蘖期干旱通过抑制水稻分蘖发生和穗分化影响产量形成,抽穗开花期干旱则通过抑制籽粒充实引起产量和水分利用效率协同下降.因此,系统揭示干旱持续胁迫过程对水稻关键生育期生长和水分利用的差异化影响,对提升水稻干旱防御能力及保障粮食安全具有实践指导价值.
[Objective]There are some differences in the response of rice to drought stress with different growth stages.The study can provide theoretical basis for scientific irrigation and drought resistance and yield reduction of rice.[Method]A field plot experiment was conducted under rain-sheltered conditions,with normal irrigation as the control.Four drought levels of light drought(W1),moderate drought(W2),severe drought(W3)and extreme drought(W4)were set up at tillering stage(P1)and heading and flowering stage(P2),respectively.The plant height,tillering dynamics,chlorophyll content,yield and its composition,water consumption and water use efficiency were measured.[Result]The increase of drought degree inhibited the morphological development of rice.The average reduction of plant height and tiller number under drought treatment at tillering stage was 2.0 and 4.1 percentage points higher than that under drought treatment at heading and flowering stage,respectively.The SPAD values of leaves at tillering stage and heading and flowering stage decreased with the increase of drought grade,which decreased 11.5%-24.2%and 6.5%-21.8%respectively compared with CK.The effect of drought stress on rice yield was different at tillering stage and heading and flowering stage.When the drought at tillering stage continued to moderate drought level,the yield decreased gradually(8.4%-32.2%),while different levels of drought at heading and flowering stage led to a gradual decrease in yield(9.9%-40.1%).The yield reduction factor of drought stress at tillering stage was the decrease of effective panicles and grain number per panicle,while the heading and flowering stage was the significant decrease of 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate.The water consumption at tillering stage and heading and flowering stage decreased 6.8%-20.1%and 6.3%-17.8%respectively with the increase of drought grade,while the water use efficiency showed growth period differentiation.The average decrease of drought treatment at tillering stage was not significant(2.5%),and the average decrease at heading and flowering stage was 14%.[Conclusion]Drought at tillering stage affects yield formation by inhibiting tillering and panicle differentiation,while drought at heading and flowering stage causes a synergistic decrease in yield and water use efficiency by inhibiting grain filling.Therefore,systematically revealing the differential effects of continuous drought stress on the growth and water use of rice at key growth stages has practical guiding value for improving rice drought defense ability and ensuring food security.
袁毅哲;郭巧玲;张文龙;万绍媛;许新发;许小华;时红;才硕
东华理工大学 水资源与环境工程学院,江西 南昌 330013东华理工大学 水资源与环境工程学院,江西 南昌 330013||东华理工大学 地下水污染成因与修复江西省重点实验室,江西 南昌 330013东华理工大学 水资源与环境工程学院,江西 南昌 330013江西省灌溉试验中心站,江西 南昌 330201江西省水利科学院,江西 南昌 330029江西省水利科学院,江西 南昌 330029东华理工大学 水资源与环境工程学院,江西 南昌 330013东华理工大学 水资源与环境工程学院,江西 南昌 330013
农业科技
水稻干旱等级生育期形态特征光合特性水分利用效率产量
swamp ricedrought gradegrowth durationmorphological characteristicsphotosynthetic characteristicswater use efficiencyyield
《江西农业大学学报》 2026 (2)
336-349,14
江西省重点研发计划项目(20232BBG70029)和江西省水利科技项目(202325ZDKT01、202425TGKT04、202124ZDKT29)Project supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(20232BBG70029)and Ji-angxi Water Conservancy Science and Technology Projects(202325ZDKT01,202425TGKT04,202124ZDKT29)
评论