不同种植模式对作物产量、养分积累及气候资源利用效率的影响OA
Effects of different planting modes on crop yield,nutrient accumulation and utilization efficiency of climate resources
[目的]旨在探讨不同种植模式对作物产量、养分积累及气候资源利用效率的影响.[方法]设置玉米单作、春玉米||春大豆、马铃薯/春玉米/夏大豆、油菜-夏玉米||夏大豆、黑麦草-春玉米/夏大豆以及黑麦草-春玉米||春大豆共6种不同的种植模式,通过2年的田间定位试验,对产量、养分积累量及光、温、水资源利用效率进行测定.[结果]复合种植模式(间作、套作、间套作及轮作)显著优于单作模式.其中马铃薯/春玉米/夏大豆模式下2年的平均周年经济产量最高,较玉米单作提高247.65%.不同种植模式下的氮、磷、钾素积累总量,均以马铃薯/春玉米/夏大豆处理和黑麦草-春玉米||春大豆处理显著高于其他处理;与玉米单作相比,马铃薯/春玉米/夏大豆处理下的周年氮、磷、钾素积累总量分别增加38%、26%和59%,黑麦草-春玉米||春大豆周年氮、磷、钾素积累总量分别增加55%、15%和40%.在光、温、水资源利用方面,马铃薯/春玉米/夏大豆模式显著优于其他处理,光能生产效率、积温生产效率及降水生产效率较玉米单作分别显著提高72%、17%和50%.[结论]马铃薯/春玉米/夏大豆套作和黑麦草-春玉米||春大豆种植模式有助于实现作物高产、养分高效利用及气候资源充分开发,可为长江中下游地区玉米大豆高效种植模式的筛选与推广提供科学依据与技术支撑.
[Objective]To investigate the effects of different planting modes on crop yield,nutrient accumulation,and utilization efficiency of climate resources.[Method]Six cropping patterns were established:maize monocropping,spring maize||spring soybean,potato/spring maize/summer soybean,rapeseed-summer maize||summer soybean,ryegrass-spring maize/summer soybean,and ryegrass-spring maize||spring soybean.A two-year field experiment was conducted to measure yield,nutrient accumulation,and utilization efficiency of light,temperature,and water resources.[Result]The results showed that combined cropping patterns(intercropping,relay intercropping,inter-relay cropping,and rotation)significantly outperformed the monocropping pattern.Specifically,the potato/spring maize/summer soybean pattern had the highest average annual economic yield over two years,increasing by 247.65%compared with maize monocropping.The total accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium under the potato/spring maize/summer soybean and ryegrass-spring maize||spring soybean treatments were significantly higher than those under other treatments.Compared with maize monocropping,the total annual accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the potato/spring maize/summer soybean treatment increased by 38%,26%,and 59%,respectively;those in the ryegrass-spring maize||spring soybean treatment increased by 55%,15%,and 40%,respectively.In terms of utilization of light,temperature,and water resources,the potato/spring maize/summer soybean pattern was significantly superior to other treatments,with light energy production efficiency,accumulated temperature production efficiency,and precipitation production efficiency increasing by 72%,17%,and 50%compared with maize monocropping,respectively.[Conclusion]The relay intercropping pattern of potato/spring maize/summer soybean and the cropping pattern of ryegrass-spring maize||spring soybean contribute to high crop yield,efficient nutrient utilization,and full exploitation of climate resources,providing scientific basis and technical support for the screening and promotion of high-efficiency maize-soybean cropping patterns in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
张雪滢;周泉;封亮;徐慧芳;杨文亭;何朝鸣;王淑彬
江西农业大学 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西 南昌 330045江西农业大学 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西 南昌 330045江西农业大学 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西 南昌 330045江西农业大学 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西 南昌 330045江西农业大学 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西 南昌 330045江西农业大学 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西 南昌 330045江西农业大学 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室,江西 南昌 330045
农业科技
种植模式作物产量养分气候资源利用效率
cropping patternscropyieldnutrientsclimate resourcesutilization efficiency
《江西农业大学学报》 2026 (2)
325-335,11
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300209-06)Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2016YFD0300209-06)
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