4种植物生长调节剂对库尔勒香梨枝条控旺和果实品质及产量的影响研究OA
Effects of Four Plant Growth Regulators on Shoot Controlling,Fruit Quality and Yield of Korla Fragrant Pear
[目的]库尔勒香梨在发展中受到各种制约,其中树势生长旺盛、树冠上部枝条徒长是比较突出的问题.树体生长过旺导致树体营养过度消耗,进而影响花芽的形成和发育及枝条的抗寒性,为此,通过试验筛选适宜的植物生长调节剂,以解决树势旺、枝条易徒长、树形树势不易控制的问题,从而有效提升果实产量和品质.[方法]以丰产田库尔勒香梨为试验材料,采用调环酸钙、烯效唑、独脚金内酯、青鲜素4种植物生长调节剂,设置不同浓度处理,研究比较其对香梨新梢生长量、叶面积变化、叶片生理指标、果实品质和产量的影响.[结果]250 mg/L烯效唑使香梨新梢长度、粗度生长量及叶片面积分别降低7.17 cm、0.65 mm、3.2 cm2,果实单果质量增加3.02 g,可滴定酸降低0.14%;300 mg/L调环酸钙处理香梨叶片SPAD值、净光合速率分别提升4.66、2.75 μmol·m-2·s-1,可溶性糖质量分数提高2.92%,单株结果率增加,每公顷产量能够提升28 268.37 kg;低浓度下独脚金内酯和青鲜素能够抑制香梨新梢生长,增强光合能力,但作用效果不如烯效唑、调环酸钙.此外,喷施独脚金内酯和青鲜素也能改善香梨果实品质,但对香梨单果质量的增加有抑制效果.[结论]调环酸钙、烯效唑、独脚金内酯、青鲜素均能抑制香梨新梢长度生长,对叶片荧光系数、光合能力和果实品质及产量有影响,但烯效唑和调环酸钙对解决香梨新梢旺长、改善果实品质、提高产量等能力优于独脚金内酯和青鲜素.
[Objective]Korla fragrant pear production is restricted by various factors,among which excessive tree vigor and overgrowth of upper canopy shoots are prominent problems.Excessive vegetative growth leads to overconsumption of tree nutrients,which affects flower bud formation and development as well as shoot cold resistance.Therefore,this experiment was conducted to screen suitable plant growth regulators to solve the problems of vigorous tree growth,easy shoot overgrowth and difficult tree form control,so as to effectively improve fruit yield and quality.[Methods]Using high-yield Korla fragrant pear as experimental material,four plant growth regulators including prohexadione-calcium,uniconazole,strigolactone and maleic hydrazide were applied at different concentrations.Their effects on shoot growth,leaf area variation,leaf physiological indexes,fruit quality and yield were compared.[Results]Uniconazole at 250 mg/L reduced shoot length,diameter and leaf area by 7.17 cm,0.65 mm and 3.2 cm2,respectively,increased single fruit weight by 3.02 g and decreased titratable acid by 0.14%.Prohexadione-calcium at 300 mg/L significantly increased leaf SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate by 4.66 and 2.75 μmol·m-2·s-1,elevated soluble sugar content by 2.92%,improved fruit setting rate per plant,and increased yield by 28 268.37 kg per hectare.At low concentrations,strigolactone and maleic hydrazide inhibited shoot growth and enhanced pho-tosynthesis,but their effects were weaker than those of uniconazole and prohexadione-calcium.In addition,spraying strigolac-tone and maleic hydrazide improved fruit quality but inhibited single fruit weight.[Conclusion]Prohexadione-calcium,uni-conazole,strigolactone and maleic hydrazide all inhibited shoot elongation of Korla fragrant pear and affected leaf fluorescence coefficient,photosynthetic capacity,fruit quality and yield.However,uniconazole and prohexadione-calcium were superior to strigolactone and maleic hydrazide in controlling shoot overgrowth,improving fruit quality and increasing yield.
常学艳;崔钰雪;牛蛉磊;钱丹丹;吉光鹏
新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆 图木舒克 843900新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆 图木舒克 843900新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆 图木舒克 843900新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆 图木舒克 843900新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆 图木舒克 843900
农业科技
库尔勒香梨植物生长调节剂控旺果实品质产量
Korla fragrant pearplant growth regulatorsshoot controllingfruit qualityyield
《果树资源学报》 2026 (3)
5-9,15,6
新疆农垦科学院青年项目(2024YJQN18)
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