Exploring critical development in photocatalytic overall water splitting:Recent trend,races predictions and environmental impactsOA
Despite intensive research on solar-driven photocatalytic overall water splitting(POWS),the overall efficiencies remain insufficient to meet commercial standards.As a central challenge in realizing this technology mainly lies in the precise tuning and rational designing of highly efficient materials and photocatalytic systems,which is paramount for its unlocking scalable,practical applications.However,novel materials fabrication and advanced photocatalytic systems are essential for overcoming intrinsic limitations of conventional catalysts by enabling this green technology to resolve global energy crisis.Therefore,this review critically explores the engineering developments in POWS process and novel photocatalyst designing,via shifting from simple bandgap engineering to more advanced charge carrier dynamics control via utilizing one/two-step photocatalytic excitation system,surface phase junctions i.e.,Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunctions,surface modification,morphological tuning,and the role of co-catalysts,to control sluggish kinetics,promote oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and suppress undesirable H2/O2,backward reaction with superior visible light absorption capacity to produce remarkable energy production.Moreover,we critically discuss the recent trend of POWS from a materials discovery phase to demanding engineering and mechanistic optimization phase with viable economic viability,which requires bridging the gap between excellent lab-scale performance to stringent stability,cost,and high efficiency demands of industrial-scale solar fuel production.In addition,the currents challenges and future directions are also enclosed in detail for sustainable energy production.
Zeeshan Ajmal;Muhammad Haseeb Ullah;Abdul Qadeer;Huanhuan Zhang;Muhammad Abubaker Khan;Shenjie Shen;Yasin Orooji;MohdImran;M.K.M.Ali;Ramadan Taha;Junmin Li;Shirong Lu;Waseem Abbas;Shuhang Wang
Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials,College of Material Science and Engineering,Taizhou University,Taizhou,Zhejiang,318000,ChinaUNIST-NUIST Energy and Environment Jointed Lab,(UNNU),School of Environmental Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST),219,Ningliu,Nanjing,210044,ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science,Beijing,100012,ChinaZhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials,College of Material Science and Engineering,Taizhou University,Taizhou,Zhejiang,318000,ChinaSchool of Material Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing,100083,ChinaZhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials,College of Material Science and Engineering,Taizhou University,Taizhou,Zhejiang,318000,ChinaCollege of Geography and Environmental Science,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,321004,China Shanghai Jian Qiao University,No.1111,Hucheng Ring Road,Pudong New Area,Shanghai,201306,ChinaDepartment of Chemical Engineering,College of Engineering and Computer Sciences,Jazan University,Jazan,45142,Saudi Arabia Nanotechnology Research Unit,Jazan University,Jazan,45142,Saudi ArabiaPhysics Department,College of Science,Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU),Riyadh,13318,Saudi ArabiaBiology Department,Faculty of Science,King Khalid University,PO,Box 9004,Abha,61413,Saudi ArabiaZhejiang Key Laboratory for Restoration of Damaged Coastal Ecosystems,School of Life Sciences,Taizhou University,Taizhou,318000,ChinaZhejiang Key Laboratory for Island Green Energy and New Materials,College of Material Science and Engineering,Taizhou University,Taizhou,Zhejiang,318000,ChinaInstitute of Physics,Bahauddin Zakariya University,Multan,60800,PakistanState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science,Beijing,100012,China
化学化工
Charge isolation and transferPhotocatalytic overall water splittingPhotocatalytic Z-scheme junctionCocatalystHeterojunctionReaction system
《Green Energy & Environment》 2026 (2)
P.401-453,53
the Taizhou University,Zhejiang,China for funding(No.T20250101215)the Deanship of research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project(R.G.P.2/398/46).
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