绝经泌尿生殖综合征的非激素治疗研究进展OA

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause(GSM)is a common clinical problem that affects many perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.It is a condition caused by a decline in estrogen and other sex hormones levels,resulting in a series of symptoms and signs involving the vulva,vagina,urethra,and bladder.Clinically,it manifests as vaginal dryness,burning,painful dyspareunia,recurrent urinary tract infections,urgency,and various other symptoms.GSM not only causes persistent physiological discomfort for patients but also severely impacts their mental health,their sexual quality of life,and social interactions,making it a public health issue that requires urgent attention.In terms of treatment,local or systemic estrogen therapy is considered a direct and effective solution,which can significantly improve local symptoms.However,due to factors such as clear contraindications for hormone use in some patients,concerns about potential risks associated with long-term hormone therapy,intolerance to hormone therapy side effects,or personal preference for avoiding hormones,hormone therapy is not suitable for everyone.Therefore,finding safe and effective non-hormonal therapies is not only essential to meet the urgent needs of this large patient population,but also a key component for achieving individualized and precise GSM treatment,which is crucial for establishing a comprehensive and multidimensional GSM management system.This article aims to systematically review and summarize the current progress in non-hormonal treatment of GSM,covering non-hormonal pharmacological therapies as well as certain non-drug interventional strategies,with an in-depth discussion of their mechanisms of action,clinical efficacy,and applicable patient populations.The goal is to provide clinicians with a more abundant and diversified range of treatment options,ultimately optimizing treatment strategies and genuinely improving women's quality of life.