生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性OA
Biochar combined with chemical fertilizer increases maize yield and soil ecosystem multifunctionality in an intercropped maize-soybean
为明确玉米‖大豆中施用生物炭对玉米生长和土壤生态系统多功能性的影响,本研究于 2023-2024年连续2 年在湖北省咸宁市开展田间试验,探究不同种植模式(玉米单作(MM)、玉米‖大豆(SM))和不同施肥模式(常规化肥(CF)、生物炭+化肥(BF))对玉米生长、土壤理化性质、微生物多样性和土壤生态系统多功能性的影响.结果表明,就种植模式而言,与玉米单作相比,玉米‖大豆 0～30 cm土层玉米根长密度显著增加 21.58%～32.24%,10～20 cm土壤容重显著降低 6.31%,同时 0～10 cm和 20～30 cm土壤有机碳含量分别显著增加 3.51%和 13.01%,10～20 cm和 20～30 cm土壤全氮分别显著增加8.96%和12.13%;就施肥处理而言,与常规化肥相比,施用生物炭0～30 cm根长密度显著增加5.84%～11.42%,10～20 cm容重显著降低 4.77%,同时 0～10 cm和 20～30 cm土壤有机碳含量分别显著增加 4.54%和14.11%;二者互作可进一步强化间作效益,与玉米单作+常规化肥(MM-CF)相比,玉米‖大豆+化肥(SM-CF)下玉米当量产量显著增加 33.56%,0～30 cm土层土壤生态系统多功能性指数显著提高 101.63%～119.91%,玉米‖大豆+生物炭+化肥(SM-BF)下玉米当量产量则显著增加 49.24%,0～30 cm 土层土壤生态系统多功能性指数显著提高134.59%～238.63%.随机森林模型表明,根系生物量是影响土壤生态系统多功能性指数的最关键因素,表明生物炭配施化肥可以通过促进玉米‖大豆下玉米根系生长来改善土壤结构,促进养分积累,并增强微生物多样性,从而协同提高玉米产量与土壤生态系统功能,推动农业可持续发展.
To investigate the effects of biochar addition on maize growth and soil ecosystem multifunctionality in a maize-soybean intercropping system,a two-year field experiment was conducted in Xianning City,Hubei Province,from 2023 to 2024.The study examined two planting patterns—monoculture maize(MM)and intercropped maize and soybean(SM)—and two fertilization regimes—conventional chemical fertilizer(CF)and biochar combined with chemical fertilizer(BF).Parameters as-sessed included maize growth,soil physicochemical properties,microbial diversity,and ecosystem multifunctionality.In terms of cropping system,compared with monoculture maize,intercropping significantly increased maize root length density in the 0-30 cm soil layer by 21.58%-32.24%,reduced soil bulk density by 6.31%in the 10-20 cm layer,increased soil organic carbon content by 3.51%and 13.01%in the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm layers,respectively,and raised total nitrogen content by 8.96%and 12.13%in the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm layers,respectively.In terms of fertilizer treatment,compared with conventional chemical fertil-izer,the combination of biochar and chemical fertilizer increased maize root length density by 5.84%-11.42%in the 0-30 cm layer,reduced soil bulk density by 4.77%in the 10-20 cm layer,and increased soil organic carbon content by 4.54%and 14.11%in the 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm layers,respectively.Relative to MM-CF,intercropping with chemical fertilizer(SM-CF)increased maize equivalent yield by 33.56%,and enhanced the soil ecosystem multifunctionality index by 101.63%-119.91%in the 0-30 cm layer.Intercropping with biochar and chemical fertilizer(SM-BF)further increased equivalent yield by 49.24%and boosted the multifunctionality index by 134.59%-238.63%.A random forest model identified root biomass as the most influential factor affecting soil ecosystem multifunctionality.These findings suggest that biochar combined with chemical fertilizer improves soil structure,enhances nutrient accumulation,and increases microbial diversity by promoting maize root growth under intercropped conditions,thereby synergistically enhancing both maize yield and soil ecosystem functions,and contributing to sustainable agri-cultural development.
郭星宇;胡丹;林苏期;王梦凯;谭文峰;黄传琴
农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北 武汉 430070
间作生物炭产量根系形态土壤生态系统多功能性
intercroppingbiocharyieldroot morphologysoil ecosystem multifunctionality
《作物学报》 2026 (5)
1536-1547,12
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901205)和湖北省重大科技专项(2023BBA003,2025BBA003)资助.This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1901205)and the Major Science and Technology Project of Hubei Province(2023BBA003,2025BBA003).
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