生命衡量标准的迷思:电车难题下生命内在价值与自主权OA

The trolley problem,as one of the pivotal thought experiments of life measurement,has been fraught with considerable controversy over its evaluative criteria.Currently,neither monistic nor pluralistic criteria for measuring the value of life adequately respect the trolley drivers and passengers caught in this moral dilemma.However,Ronald Dworkin proposed a dual measurement criterion that embraces the intrinsic value of life as the subject and the life autonomy of every individual in the predicament.It sought to break through this evaluative dilemma through a holistic approach,which represents a reinterpretation of life measurement criteria.Bystanders who make decisions in the trolley dilemma have expanded the boundaries of life measurement by virtue of these two criteria.Even though the trolley problem,due to its moral scenario setting,respects neither the intrinsic value of life as the subject in general,nor the life autonomy of trolley drivers and passengers in part,the various criteria for life measurement are nonetheless capable of being balanced on this basis.Meanwhile,the current autonomous driving technology also seeks exemption reasons for life measurement from the practice regarding procedures and outcomes.Therefore,the criteria for life measurement have been further clarified due to the two criteria proposed by Dworkin,lending greater rationality to the bystanders'decisions on life value judgment in the trolley problem.