犬、猫常用抗肿瘤药物的临床应用现状和发展OA

Neoplasms in dogs and cats represent a major challenge in companion animal health management,with both incidence and mortality rates continuing to rise.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of action and current clinical applications of antineoplastic drugs commonly used in veterinary practice,including alkylating agents,platinum-based compounds,antimetabolites,antibiotics,plant-derived agents,glucocorticoids,L-asparaginase,as well as targeted therapies and immunotherapies.Conventional chemotherapeutic agents inhibit tumor cell proliferation by interfering with DNA synthesis,microtubule function,or protein metabolism,and have demonstrated notable efficacy in the treatment of canine and feline lymphomas and mast cell tumors.However,their clinical use is limited by toxicity and the development of drug resistance.In recent years,targeted therapies,such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors,and immunotherapeutic approaches,including programmed death receptor 1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)antibodies,chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapy,and cancer vaccines,have markedly improved therapeutic precision and efficacy.In addition,novel drug delivery systems and combination treatment strategies have further improved the prognosis of refractory tumors.Nevertheless,high development costs,difficulties in target identification,and an incomplete understanding of the animal immune system remain significant challenges in clinical oncology.With advances in genomic research,optimization of drug delivery systems,and the implementation of personalized treatment strategies,veterinary oncology is expected to achieve breakthroughs toward more precise and systematic therapeutic approaches,ultimately providing more effective treatment options for companion animals.