全球主要农业国家农药施用强度与利用效率的时空演变、门槛特征及其政策启示OACHSSCD

Reducing pesticide use while increasing efficiency is essential for maintaining agricultural ecological security and ensuring stable agricultural production.This balance is crucial for the stable development of national and regional economies and social stability,and a goal pursued by countries around the world.This research established a model of pesticide application intensity and damage control production function to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of pesticide application intensity and efficiency in 30 major agricultural countries from 1990 to 2021,and adopted a panel economic model and a threshold effect model to identify the key factors influencing pesticide use efficiency and reveal the threshold characteristics of pesticide application intensity.The results were revealed as follows.(1)From 1990 to 2021,pesticide application intensity in the 30 major agricultural countries initially increased and then decreased,with 2005 as the turning point.In contrast,pesticide use efficiency declined and then increased,with 2012 marking its turning point.In China,pesticide application intensity peaked in 2015,with efficiency showing an initial decline followed by an increase,lagging behind the developed countries more than 10 years.(2)The number of countries with moderate and to high pesticide application intensity increased from 11 to 15,primarily in Asia,Europe,and South America.Conversely,the number of countries achieving medium to high pesticide use efficiency decreased from 24 to 21,concentrated along the Turkey-Iran-Pakistan-India-Thailand-Indonesia-Philippines belt.(3)Pesticide application intensity substantially inhibited pesticide use efficiency,while precipitation had no notable effect.Factors such as temperature,cultivated land area,and GDP positively affected pesticide use efficiency,whereas the number of agricultural employees and the level of agricultural mechanization did not show a notable promoting effect.The threshold value for pesticide application intensity was determined to be 6.65 kg/hm2.Therefore,it is necessary to further set the target of reducing and increasing the efficiency of pesticides in China according to local conditions,improve the level of China's agricultural science and technology in an all-round way,improve the utilization efficiency of pesticides,and reduce the number of pesticides to reduce the intensity of pesticide application.