2023年和2024年全国细菌耐药监测报告OA

Objective To analyze the status and epidemic trend of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in China from 2023 to 2024,providing basis for rational clinical use of antimicrobial agents as well as infection prevention and control.Methods Based on China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System,surveillance data from October 2022 to September 2023(5 508 438 bacteria strains from 1 941 hospitals)and October 2023 to September 2024(6 969 416 bacteria strains from 2 202 hospitals)were included for main indicator analysis.Isolated bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance were analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software.Results In 2023 and 2024,the isolation of Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 72.4%(n=3 987 357 strains)and 72.6%(n=5 058 443 strains),respec-tively,while those of Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 27.6%(n=1 521 081 strains)and 27.4%(n=1 910 973 strains),respectively.The percentage of Gram-negative bacilli were all higher than Gram-positive bacteria.The top 5 bacteria were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,P seudomonas aeruginosa,and Acinetobacter baumannii.The detection rate of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae(ERSP)in 2024 was 96.7%(136 046/140 640),slightly higher than 96.1%(109 211/113 692)in 2023.In 2024,the detection rate of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli(CRECO)was 1.7%(24 691/1 437 389),that of qui-nolone-resistant Escherichia coli(QNR-ECO)was 48.7%(653 864/1 343 897),and that of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(VREA)was 0.2%(406/210 239),which was consistent with 2023.The resistance rate of other important bacteria decreased slightly in 2024 compared with 2023.The detection rate of antimicrobial-resis-tant bacteria varied among different areas in China.Vancomycin,teicoplanin,and linezolid still maintained high in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus spp.and Enterococcus spp.Conclusion National management of antimicrobial agents has achieved high effectiveness,and the overall bacterial resistance rate presents a downward trend.However,resistance rates of partial bacteria still remain at high levels.It is necessary to continuously strengthen supervision,reduce irrational use of antimicrobial agents,and strengthen the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria,so as to curb the prevalence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.