"三难困境"下美国深海矿产战略的演进与特朗普政府的单边实践OACHSSCD

The U.S.deep-sea mineral(DSM)strategy has long been mired in a fundamental trilemma,balancing the competing imperatives of national security,economic viability,and environmental sustainability.Using this trilemma as an analytical framework,this article systematically reviews the historical evolution of the U.S.DSM policy.It elucidates the shifting prioritization of these three objectives across different eras,while unpacking the underlying motivations and inherent tensions that define this policy space.Focusing specifically on the DSM strategy pursued during the current second term of the Trump administration,this article characterizes its suite of unilateral actions—encompassing domestic legislative maneuvering,enhanced allied coordination,and the circumvention of multilateral frameworks—as a radical strategic pivot.This pivot sought to transcend the trilemma by reshaping supply chains and reclaiming dominance over rule-making.Analysis indicates that while this approach temporarily strengthened resource security in the short term,it failed to overcome the structural constraints of the trilemma.Specifically,on the security front,it eroded the foundations of the multilateral order,resulting in long-term paradoxes;economically,it remained constrained by high technological costs and market risks;and environmentally,it faced normative backlash both domestically and internationally.Ultimately,the strategy not only failed to offer a sustainable solution but also exacerbated the fragmentation of rules,the polarization of positions,and the securitization of supply chains in global deep-sea governance,thereby deepening the structural imbalance among"security,development,and environmental protection".In light of these findings,in the governance of global commons such as the deep sea,unilateral coercive pathways are incapable of systematically resolving the fundamental contradictions among multiple objectives.Inclusive,rules-based multilateral coordination remains the indispensable direction for addressing the trilemma.