先进水凝胶传感平台的理性设计策略OA

Sensing technology serves as a cornerstone for health and environmental monitoring,yet its advancement is con-strained by the inadequate biocompatibility and mechanical compatibility of traditional interface materials.Hydrogels,as a class of hydrophilic three-dimensional network soft materials,offer an ideal platform to address this bottleneck owing to their biomimet-ic features and tunable physicochemical properties.For the first time,this review systematically summarized and elaborated on eight rational design paradigms for hydrogel-based sensors,including functional nucleic acid programming,enzymatic catalysis and biomolecular recognition,synthetic supramolecular modules,nanocomposite integration,physical confinement effects,stim-ulus-responsive polymer systems,microneedle-based sensing,and flexible wearable device integration.These paradigms clarified the central role of hydrogels as either active responsive units or passive optimization matrices across different strategies.The work aims to provide a systematic rational design framework for relevant research,facilitating a paradigm shift in the field from empiri-cal exploration toward rational construction.