大型水库气候效应研究进展OACHSSCD

In the process of supporting global and regional economic and social development,reservoirs have simultaneously exerted considerable influences on the climatic conditions of surrounding areas,among which large reservoirs produced particularly notable effects.However,research on the climatic effects of large reservoirs at that time still lacked systematic synthesis.To address this gap,the climatic effects of reservoirs were first categorized into local and regional scales,based on spatial extent and mechanism differences,and then the research progress,magnitude of impact,and spatial extent for each scale were elaborated.A total of 45 large reservoirs across different climate zones,as reported in published literature,were selected to quantify the relationship between climatic effects and reservoir characteristics(storage capacity,water surface area,average depth)as well as latitude.The main findings were as follows:(1)After reservoir impoundment,surrounding areas experienced decreased temperatures during daytime or summer and increased temperatures during nighttime or winter,with the magnitude of summer cooling being smaller than that of winter warming.The impact on precipitation varied considerably across studies,while hydropower-oriented reservoir construction was found to increase the evaporation ratio at the watershed scale.(2)On summer and annual scales,reservoirs in temperate climate zones primarily exhibited warming effects,whereas those in tropical and subtropical zones mainly showed cooling effects;reservoirs in arid zones showed insignificant changes.In winter,all climate zones demonstrated warming effects.After impoundment,the mean annual precipitation at reservoirs in non-arid regions at low to mid latitudes tended to decrease,while changes in arid regions were minimal.(3)As reservoir surface area or storage capacity increased,the magnitude of winter warming over the reservoir area significantly increased;reservoir area or storage capacity was significantly negatively correlated with changes in summer precipitation,although the effect size was modest.(4)The extent of the reservoir's impact on winter temperatures exhibited a significant latitudinal pattern,and changes in precipitation at reservoirs in non-arid regions at low to mid latitudes were negatively correlated with latitude.Future efforts were suggested to focus on analyzing local climate effects under conditions of scarce monitoring data,clarifying the driving mechanisms of local climate effects,and accurately attributing local and regional climate changes around reservoirs by distinguishing reservoir-induced modifications from background climate variability.This study could provide a scientific reference for related research and practices in rational water resource utilization and ecological environmental protection,particularly under evolving climate change scenarios.