太阳爆发与空间天气研究进展OA

Solar eruptive activities,primarily manifested as solar flares and coronal mass ejections,represent the transient energy release processes on the largest scale in the solar system and serve as the physical sources of hazardous space weather.Guided by the integral causal chain of"solar source triggering interplanetary transport and evolution-near Earth geospace response",this paper systematically reviews the current research status and the paradigmatic evolution in this field.In the solar source triggering stage,we focus on the establishment of magnetic reconnection as the ultimate engine and the transition of magnetic flux ropes from theoretical controversy to multi-wavelength imaging confirmation,while analyzing the dynamical interplay between ideal magnetohydrodynamic instabilities and non-ideal magnetic reconnection in the onset of eruptions.Regarding interplanetary transport,the paper elucidates the complex interactions between CMEs and the dynamic,magnetized solar wind environment.It analyzes the aerodynamic drag effects of the background solar wind and how recent discoveries of microstructures,such as magnetic switchbacks,have reshaped our under-standing of the structured interplanetary medium.Furthermore,the physical mechanisms of shock-driven energetic particle accelera-tion and diffusion path models are detailed.In the near-Earth response stage,the paper systematically discusses the hierarchical dissi-pation and coupling mechanisms of eruptive energy within the Earth's magnetosphere,thermosphere,and ionosphere.It resolves the energy injection pathways triggered by southward magnetic fields and the subsequent physical processes,including radial thermo-spheric expansion,ionospheric scintillation caused by plasma inhomogeneities,and the generation of geomagnetically induced cur-rents.By integrating typical hazardous space weather cases from recent years,the review reveals the systemic vulnerability of modern technological civilization to space environment variations.Addressing forecasting bottlenecks,the review outlines the paradigmatic shift from empirical statistics to physics-driven numerical models and then to AI-based full-chain digital twins,while envisioning a sci-entific blueprint for constructing a Sun-Earth panoramic digital twin forecasting system leveraging stereoscopic observation networks.