河洛黄蜜李高接换优技术试验OA

The new plum variety'Heluo Huangmi'is an excellent fresh fruit cultivar characterized by golden appearance,high nutritional value of fruit flesh,sweet flavor,long harvest period,good storage and transportation resistance,extended shelf plumfe,and high market value.To accelerate the popularization and application of this cultivar,an experiment on top grafting and variety improvement of'Heluo Huangmi'was conducted on 4-year-old'Huanggan Li'trees by side grafting in the spring of 2022.Investigations were carried out on graft survival rate and number of sprouted shoots per plant;species and density index of diseases and insect pests during the growth period were observed;crown diameter and current shoot growth of developed branches were measured after defoliation;the number of long shoots,medium shoots,short shoots and bouquet shoots per plant was counted;yield per plant,single fruit weight and soluble solids content were determined,and economic income from fruit sales was recorded.The experimental data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.The results showed that top grafting and variety improvement of'Heluo Huangmi'in mid-March during sap flow resulted in significantly higher graft survival,post-grafting growth,fruit yield and quality than those at other grafting times.'Heluo Huangmi'exhibited strong graft compatibility with'Huanggan Li',with good healing,smooth graft union and basically consistent growth between rootstock and scion,leading to vigorous growth after grafting.It was less damaged by diseases and insect pests than'Huanggan Li',and no serious diseases such as gummosis were found.With the increase of grafted tree age,current shoot growth decreased,the number of shoots per plant increased,the canopy expanded,and the trees transformed rapidly from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.The canopy and yield basically recovered in the fourth year after top grafting,and the economic income was more than 2.5 times that of'Huanggan Li'.