巴彦淖尔市养殖场周边土壤抗生素残留特征与风险评估OA

This study focused on typical cattle,sheep,and poultry farms in the Bayannur region,systematically analyzing the residu-al levels of 13 antibiotics,including sulfonamides(SAs),tetracyclines(TCs),quinolones(QNs),and macrolides(MLs),in the farms and surrounding soils using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).Ecological and health risks of the soil were assessed using the risk quotient model and health risk model.The results indicated that sulfon-amides and tetracyclines were the primary pollutants in the soil of the farms in this region.Among them,the detection rate of sulfa-methazine(SM2)was 100%,with the highest concentration of sulfadiazine(SD)in cattle farm soil samples reaching 862.52 μg·kg⁻¹,indicating a clear high-intensity point source contamination pattern.The ecological risk assessment revealed that sulfadiazine(SD)posed a high risk(RQ≥1)in cattle farms(RQ=29.67),sheep farms(RQ=12.27),and poultry farms(RQ=15.93).Doxycycline(DOC),norfloxacin(NOR),sulfamethazine(SM2),sulfamethoxazole(SMX),and oxytetracycline(OTC)posed medium risks,while the risks of the remaining antibiotics were low(RQ<0.1).By comparing different exposure pathways,it was found that the ex-posure level through inhalation(ADDinh)was significantly higher than that through oral ingestion(ADDoral)and dermal contact(ADDdermal),indicating that the inhalation of SD-containing dust was the main exposure route for farm workers.The health risk as-sessment showed that the risk characterization ratio(RCR)for all three types of farms was below the safety threshold of 1,suggesting that the residual antibiotics in the soil did not currently pose an unacceptable health risk to farm workers.However,since the RCR value for cattle farms was close to 1,enhanced monitoring was recommended to prevent potential risks.This study clarified the spa-tial distribution and ecological threats of antibiotic contamination in and around farms in the Bayannur region,providing an important scientific evidence for the standardized use and management of veterinary antibiotics in this region and the treatment of soil antibiotic pollution.