城乡融合进程中传统民居空置的结构特征与驱动机制OACHSSCD

Traditional dwellings carry vernacular craftsmanship,lineage memory,and rural daily life.However,traditional villages face severe survival challenges in the context of continuous urban-rural integration,manifested by the chain dilemmas of swelling vacancies,out-migration,and industrial decline.On this basis,three non-tourism-oriented traditional villages in Huangshan City,Anhui province—namely,Taoyuan Village,Wentang Village,and Lixi Village—were chosen to investigate the micro influencing mechanisms that give rise to vacancies in traditional villages.The internal relationships between physical architectural attributes,population migration patterns,agricultural and industrial characteristics,and dwelling vacancies were analyzed from multidimensional perspectives—"human,land,and industry"—rather than limiting them to the traditional spatial perspective. A micro database covering 237 traditional dwellings and 283 households was established by combining field surveys,household interviews,architectural surveys,administrative data comparisons,and statistical analysis.Based on this database,key variables,including architectural physical attributes,household demographic structures,and economic livelihood patterns,were extracted,and the multidimensional statistical model was applied for analysis.The micro-level constraints associated with building maintenance and spatial configuration were measured through binary logistic regression.The spatial push-pull effects of population out-migration were analyzed through multiple linear regression.Finally,the industrial constraints related to agricultural weakening were quantified and identified through multinomial logistic regression. Four major conclusions can be drawn.First,architectural physical attributes significantly influence vacancies in traditional dwellings.The older the house,the higher the risk of vacancy.Villager-led repairs designed to improve living conditions significantly reduce the probability of vacancies,whereas externally driven restorations that lack functional integration often fail to deliver the expected revitalization outcomes.Spatial configuration also affects the vacancy rate.The composite layout of"a main house,single-story annexes,and a courtyard"shows stronger residential adaptability and greater resistance to vacancy.Second,the urban-rural dual-sited living model provides a buffer against total vacancy of traditional dwellings.Although an income structure oriented toward labor wages can increase the proportion of long-term out-migration,frequent return visits and the construction of new houses within the village continue to sustain the material linkage between households and village space.Third,agricultural weakening reshapes the rural social structure by transforming villagers'livelihoods.Finally,agricultural weakening affects social structures through the livelihood transformation model.This is reflected in the aging of the agricultural labor force,the growing reliance on non-agricultural income sources,and the poor participation of villagers.Households that maintain agricultural livelihoods or are transitioning to non-agricultural livelihoods with moderate land resources are more likely to anchor younger labor forces,thus slowing the loss of rural social vitality. The study argues that the governance of traditional-dwelling vacancies should shift attention from a narrow focus on physical repair to reconstructing village socio-economic conditions.At the spatial governance level,non-tourism-oriented traditional villages in southern Anhui should promote graded repair and adaptive transformation in accordance with heritage conservation.Priority should be given to improving residential suitability,infrastructure,and public services.At the institutional level,policy responses should acknowledge the realities of seasonal return and dual-sited living(i.e.,urban and rural).They should establish supportive institutional and service conditions that enable villagers to remain continuously engaged in village life.At the industrial linkage level,local resources,such as tea,could be leveraged to develop experiential agriculture and small-scale diversified operations.This would foster a positive cycle of employment creation,income return,and dwelling revitalization. Only through coordinated action across building use,population anchoring,and industrial recirculation can the governance of traditional-dwelling vacancies shift from static preservation to dynamic regeneration,thereby providing replicable experience for the sustainable development of nontourism-oriented traditional villages.