溪峒风景语境下容美土司遗址景观基因识别与特征解析OACHSSCD

Located on the eastern fringe of the Wuling Ethnic Corridor,the Rongmei Tusi(native chieftain)is one of the regions that communicates with the Han Culture in the Southwest Tusi System.A large cluster of Tusi sites is tightly integrated with the Karst mountainous environment,collectively forming the distinctive Xidong landscape,which is based on streams and valleys.This landscape reflects the interactions among the natural mountainous environment,the Tusi governance system,and multi-ethnic cultural practices.In recent years,the Rongmei Tusi sites have been included in the World Cultural Heritage Tentative List and the National Major Archaeological Site Protection Program,attracting increasing attention to their general landscape value.However,many physical remains have been severely damaged due to the historical implementation of the policy of gaitu guiliu(the bureaucratization of native chieftains)and subsequent construction activities.Consequently,surviving relics are scattered among archaeological points and environmental factors.This has produced a fragmented spatial pattern and weak connections between historical records and material remains. Previous studies have primarily focused on institutional history,literature,and communication history,as well as forms and structures of Tusi architectural relics,paying insufficient attention to the overall landscape structures reflected in historical texts.Besides,a systematic landscape feature recognition method based on multi-source information is lacking.Landscape gene theory adopts a new perspective to study the historical cultural landscape structures by extracting key elements in the regional landscape as well as their combinational relationships.However,its application to research on the cultural heritage of the Tusi remains limited.For this reason,this study investigates the Rongmei Tusi site cluster in the Wuling Mountains of western Hubei.In the cultural landscape context of"Xidong landscape,"the landscape factors and spatial structure of the site cluster were systematically recognized and analyzed by introducing landscape gene theory and the digital humanities method,aiming to disclose its overall landscape pattern and formation mechanism. Textual digitalization and semantic extraction of landscape factors in seven representative sites of the Rongmei Tusi age—namely,Zhongfu,Juefu,Xipingfu,Nanfu,Beifu,Yunlaizhuang,and Xiliucheng—were conducted based on Rongmei Jiyou(Travels in Rongmei)by Gu Cai in the Qing dynasty.A cross-validation of archaeological evidence and geospatial data was conducted,and a landscape factor database was built.On this basis,the study established a three-tier analytical framework,integrating"landscape characteristics,landscape elements,and landscape genes."Through this framework,103 landscape genes in 19 distinct categories were recognized.Moreover,the core combinations of these landscape genes were identified through coding statistics and co-occurrence analysis,thus revealing the structural characteristics and spatial differences of landscape systems in the site cluster. The results indicate:(1)The Rongmei Tusi site forms a mountainous spatial layout centered on artificial landscape genes,such as administrative offices,residential compounds,fortified stockades,and courier routes,integrating governance and defense functions.(2)Zhongfu and Juefu display the most balanced structures in both quantity and diversity of landscape genes,while the rest show distinctive dominant features and diverse combinations of natural,productive,and garden landscapes.(3)Artificial landscape genes are the most abundant,followed by natural landscape genes.The cultural landscape genes,although they are relatively weak,have considerable interpretive potential, The study expands the landscape gene identification and quantitative analysis routes of Tusi sites from the perspective of integration of historical texts and spatial data.In this way,protection,exhibition,and utilization strategies for Rongmei Tusi sites are proposed,providing theoretical references for the overall protection and value interpretation of the sites.