高粱杂交组合表型变异分析及亲本育种效应评价OA

Sorghum,a vital food,feed,and bioenergy crop,relies heavily on heterosis for enhancing produc-tion.In this study,74 sorghum hybrid combinations were systematically evaluated for 14 key traits related to plant type,yield,and grain quality.The objectives were to decipher the patterns of phenotypic variation in the hybrid offspring and to assess the breeding effects of the male-sterile lines and restorer lines,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for developing new varieties characterized by high yield,superior quality,and me-chanical harvest suitability.The results revealed extensive genetic variation within the hybrid population for most traits.Panicle exertion length exhibited the highest coefficient of variation(76.9%),indicating consid-erable potential for selecting varieties with diverse maturity periods.Substantial variation was also observed in yield-related traits,including single panicle grain weight(27.17%)and yield per mu(24.34%).Yield per mu showed a highly significant positive correlation with single panicle grain weight,seed recovery rate,and grains per panicle,but a significant negative correlation with glume coverage.Distinct breeding effects were observed between the male-sterile lines and restorer lines.The male-sterile line 1109A exhibited ideal plant architecture;its hybrid combinations demonstrated advantages in dwarf stature(127.67 cm),long panicles(34.78 cm),and thick stalks(2.44 mm),identifying it as an excellent maternal parent for breeding density-tolerant varieties.The restorer line LR9197 outperformed others in yield traits;its hybrid combinations led sig-nificantly in yield per mu(517.01 kg/667m2),single panicle grain weight(80.8 g),and seed recovery rate(73.13%).The research findings provide important trait improvement pathways and parental selection strate-gies for sorghum hybrid breeding.Future breeding efforts should prioritize the simultaneous improvement of multiple traits.