GWAS和mGWAS在畜禽育种方面的应用OA

Genome-wide association study(GWAS)and metabolome-wide association study(mGWAS)are crucial methods for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits in animals and plants,and have dem-onstrated extensive application value in livestock and poultry breeding research in recent years.GWAS links single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)across the entire genome with target traits,identifying key genes and loci that influence economic traits in livestock and poultry.mGWAS,on the other hand,uses metabolites as phenotypes to reveal the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying trait formation from a metabolic perspective,compensating for the deficiencies of traditional GWAS in fine phenotypic character-ization.This article systematically reviews the research progress of GWAS and mGWAS in the genetic breeding of important livestock and poultry species such as cattle,sheep,pigs,and birds,including their application achievements in various aspects such as milk production performance,meat quality traits,feed efficiency,coat color,and reproductive performance.It also anticipates their development prospects in multi-omics integration and precision breeding,aiming to provide theoretical basis and methodological ref-erences for livestock and poultry genetic improvement.