基于生命周期评价的水产养殖环境影响效应评估研究现状及展望OA北大核心CSCDCSTPCD

The continuous growth of the global population and the increasing demand for protein have driven the aquaculture industry in recent decades.According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,global aquaculture production surpassed that of wild capture fisheries in 2022.Various aquaculture models,including land-and sea-based systems,have developed rapidly domestically and internationally.However,these models also face numerous challenges,such as excessive resource consumption and eutrophication of aquatic environments.Despite this,scientists and the public currently have a limited understanding of the environmental impacts associated with different aquaculture models.Life cycle assessment(LCA),an internationally standardized environmental management tool,is commonly used to evaluate the environmental burdens generated by products,processes,or activities throughout all stages of production and life cycle.Beginning in 2004,LCA has provided a scientific methodology for comprehensively assessing the environmental impacts of aquaculture.This paper reviews the application framework and current research status of LCA in aquaculture,focusing on three core aspects:goal and scope definition,inventory analysis,and environmental impact assessment and improvement.It highlights cur-rent challenges in LCA application in aquaculture,including difficulties in data acquisition,inconsistencies in sys-tem boundaries and methodologies,and the absence of socioeconomic dimensions.Future efforts should strengthen technologies for environmental data monitoring and collection,establish standardized guidelines and specialized LCA inventory databases for aquaculture,and conduct multidimensional,comprehensive evaluations to accurately assess the environmental impacts of aquaculture activities.This paper will provide foundational data for advancing the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.