豫南稻区再生稻茬青饲作物混播对饲草产量及土壤理化性质的影响OA

In order to address the dual challenges of underutilized ratoon rice stubble and soil degradation in winter fallow fields within southern Henan's rice region,this study conducted a field experiment to systematically evaluate the synergistic effects of sowing dates(10 days before harvest,5 days before harvest,and immediately post-harvest of ratoon rice)and planting patterns on forage yield and soil physicochemical properties.The experimental treatments included four grass-legume intercropping systems(rye+common vetch,rye+pea,barley+common vetch,barley+pea)alongside their corresponding monocultures.Results demonstrated that intercropping significantly enhanced both forage yield stability and soil fertility buffering capacity.Compared with monocultures,intercropping systems increased average fresh forage yield by 19.7％.Furthermore,a clear temporal trend was observed,forage yield declined progressively with delayed sowing,indicating that earlier establishment was critical for maximizing biomass accumulation.Soil nutrient monitoring revealed that,despite general nutrient depletion driven by crop growth across all treatments,intercropping-leveraging biological nitrogen fixation and residue complementarity-maintained post-harvest soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and organic matter contents at levels 5.6％,6.9％,and 5.3％higher,respectively,than those in monoculture plots.Integrating yield performance with soil health metrics,no-till relay intercropping of"rye+common vetch"sown 10 days prior to ratoon rice harvest was identified as the optimal strategy.This approach not only achieved an annual fresh forage yield exceeding 25 t·ha-1but also established a sustainable paradigm that synergizes land utilization with soil conservation.