临沭县蓝莓设施栽培本地化关键技术优化与集成应用研究OA

In order to solve several pain points in the development of blueberry industry in Linshu Country,including low soil organic matter content,adverse impacts of climate on fruit quality,and disconnection between planting technologies and local production needs.The innovation of this study lies in constructing a low-cost substrate formula based on local agricultural wastes and pioneering a"our-in-one"environmental regulation model adapted to the climatic characteristics of Southeastern Shandong,breaking the dilemma of copying foreign technologies and improving the local adaptability and practicality of the technologies.Field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023 at the Protected Blueberry Cultivation Demonstration Base in Daxing Town,Linshu County.Five blueberry varieties(including O'Neal,Emerald,L25,L11 and Baldwin)were used as test materials,and single-factor experimental design was adopted to carry out studies on substrate formula optimization,low-cost environmental regulation,and variety adaptability screening.The results showed that a localized substrate formulawith 85％local material ratio(wheat bran∶perlite∶decomposed straw∶peat=3∶1∶1∶1)was optimized,which reduced the cost by 40.0％compared with the traditional peat-dominated formula.And the survival rate of seedlings increased to 96.7％,and the yield increased by 28.9％.An early-maturing,mid-maturing and late-maturing variety combination suitable for local solar-greenhouse,plastic-greenhouse and open-field cultivation was screened out,extending the fresh fruit supply period from early April to mid-July,totaling 105 days,45 days longer than that of single-variety cultivation,which effectively improved the continuity of market supply.A"four-in-one"environmental regulation model of"reflective film for light enhancement+LED supplementary lighting+external sunshade for cooling+drip irrigation for humidity control"was established,which stably controlled the maximum temperature in the greenhouse below 32 ℃ in summer,reduced the incidence of gray mold(Botrytis cinerea)to below 5.0％,25.0 percentage points lower than that of conventional ventilation and watering management.Standards for precise water and fertilizer regulation in each growth period were determined,and the ratio of N∶P2O5∶K2O in the core growth period was 2∶1∶1,which improved the utilization rate of water and fertilizer by more than 30.0％.Based on these results,a localized technical regulation covering seven key links(garden planning,substrate treatment,water and fertilizer management,pruning,pollination,pest and disease green prevention and control,fruit harvesting and post-harvest treatment)was formulated through integration.After promotion and application,the average annual income per mu of solar-greenhouse increased by 8 000 yuan,and the comprehensive benefit increased by more than 40.0％.At the same time,it consumed more than 500 tons of agricultural wastes such as wheat bran and decomposed straw annually,driving more than 300 people to obtain stable employment,realizing the coordinated improvement of economic,social and ecological benefits.In the future,research on intelligent cultivation and improved variety breeding should be strengthened to further promote the high-quality development of the blueberry industry in Linshu County.