"补肝肾、强筋骨"类中药及活性成分在防治退行性骨病中的研究进展OA

Degenerative bone diseases fall into the category of"Bi"syndrome of bone in traditional Chinese medi-cine(TCM),with liver-kidney deficiency and malnourishment of tendons and bones as the core pathogenesis.Based on the TCM theory that"the liver and kidney are homologous,and the kidney governs bones and generates marrow",Chinese herbal medicines for tonifying the liver and kidney,and strengthening tendons and bones and their active ingredients represent an important strategy for the prevention and treatment of degenerative bone dis-eases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.This paper systematically reviews the nature,taste,meridian tropism,classical records,and modern pharmacological effects of these herbs and their active ingredients,and elaborates on their core efficacy and molecular mechanisms against degenerative bone diseases.These herbs and active ingredi-ents can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by activating pathways including Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog(BMP/Smad),inhibit osteo-clastogenesis and bone resorption by regulating the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/receptor activa-tor of nuclear factor-κB/osteoprotegerin(RANKL/RANK/OPG)system and the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)path-way,and exert chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by the NF-κB,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)pathways.They regulate bone metabolic homeostasis by multi-dimensional effects including promoting osteogen-esis,inhibiting bone resorption,and protecting cartilage,which demonstrates the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway holistic regulation.This review provides a theoretical basis and research insights for further clarify-ing the pharmacological basis of these herbs,and for promoting their modern application and new drug develop-ment.