抛物线形底梯形渠道实用经济断面设计与应用OA
Design and application of a practical and economical cross-section for parabolic trapezoidal channels
[目的]为解决抛物线形底梯形渠道水力最佳断面窄深特征导致的施工不便、经济性差等问题,探索该渠道实用经济断面的计算方法.[方法]以水力最佳断面的计算结果为基础,通过数据拟合与计算,建立了不同边坡系数条件下实用经济断面与水力最佳断面间的水力参数关系,推导出其实用经济断面的计算公式,并提出了具体的计算步骤.[结果]通过实例计算,当渠底纵坡为1/6 000、渠道糙率为0.015、流量为12 m3/s、梯形段边坡系数为1.75时,抛物线形底梯形渠道实用经济断面(α=1.03)的水深为1.838 m,水面宽度为 10.701 m,过水断面面积为 12.900 m2,湿周为 11.480 m.与梯形和抛物线形渠道对比可知,在其他条件相同的情况下,抛物线形底梯形渠道实用经济断面的过水断面面积比梯形渠道减少 1.08%,湿周比梯形渠道减少 3.13%,宽深比是抛物线形渠道的 2.61 倍.[结论]抛物线形底梯形渠道的实用经济断面较梯形和抛物线形渠道更具优越性.
[Objective]Parabolic-bottom trapezoidal channels with hydraulically optimal cross-sections are efficient for water conveyance,but their narrow and deep geometry often causes construction difficulties and increases project costs in practical engineering applications.To address this limitation,this study proposes a practical and economical cross-sectional design method for the parabolic-bottom trapezoidal channel.[Method]Based on computational results of hydraulically optimal cross-sections,the relationship between the hydraulic parameters of practical economic sections and those of hydraulically optimal sections under different side slope coefficients was established through data fitting and numerical calculations.On this basis,we derived the formulas for determining the practical economic cross-section and developed the corresponding design procedure.The proposed method was verified against a numerical example.[Result]The results for the numerical example show that when the channel bottom slope was 1/6 000,the roughness coefficient was 0.015,the discharge was 12 m3/s,and the side slope coefficient of the trapezoidal section was 1.75.The calculated practical economic section of the parabolic-bottom trapezoidal channel(α=1.03)had a water depth of 1.838 m,a water surface width of 10.701 m,a flow area of 12.900 m2,and a wetted perimeter of 11.480 m.Comparative analysis with conventional trapezoidal and parabolic channels showed that under the same hydraulic conditions,the flow area of the section calculated by the proposed method was 1.08%smaller than that of the trapezoidal channel,and the wetted perimeter was reduced by 3.13%.In addition,the width-to-depth ratio of the section calculated by the proposed method was 2.61 times that of the parabolic channel.[Conclusion]Our results indicate that the practical economic cross-section of a parabolic-bottom trapezoidal channel improves hydraulic efficiency,while maintaining better constructability and economic performance.This makes the proposed method a suitable alternative for open-channel design.
贺正宇;何武全;李渤;赵珂轶
西北农林科技大学 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100西北农林科技大学 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安 710065西北农林科技大学 旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100
建筑与水利
抛物线形底梯形渠道实用经济断面水力计算断面设计工程应用
parabolic-bottom trapezoidal channelpractical and economical sectionhydraulic calculationsection designengineering application
《灌溉排水学报》 2026 (4)
63-70,8
水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022110)
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