麻醉药物治疗神经精神疾病的机遇与挑战OA

With the deepening of research,the therapeutic potential of traditional anesthetic agents in neuropsy-chiatric disorders has attracted increasing attention.Representative agents such as ketamine,sevoflurane,and xenon have been shown to rapidly alleviate symptoms of conditions including depression and autism spectrum disorders when adminis-tered at subanesthetic doses,and some have already entered clinical trial stages.However,the clinical application of an-esthetic drugs as psychiatric treatments still faces several important challenges.First,the safety window and long-term toxicity remain unclear,particularly in adolescents and patients requiring prolonged treatment.Second,some anesthetic a-gents possess abuse liability and addictive potential,necessitating strict regulatory frameworks for clinical use.Third,in-terindividual variability in treatment response and the uncertainty associated with subjective rating scales limit precise eval-uation of therapeutic efficacy.Mechanistic studies suggest that anesthetic agents may exert neuromodulatory effects by reg-ulating the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and enhancing synaptic plasticity,highlighting their potential application in neurodevelopmental disorders.To facilitate safe and standardized clinical translation,closer interdisciplinary collaboration between psychiatry and anesthesiology is required.In addition,further efforts are needed to develop reliable biomarkers,clarify underlying mechanisms,and establish multidisciplinary collaborative frameworks at the levels of policy,education,and research.