不同表面处理对3D打印氧化锆表面性状及即刻剪切粘接强度的影响OA

Objective To investigate the effect of different surface treatment protocols on the surface properties and immediate shear bond strength(SBS)between 3D-printed zirconia and resin cement to provide a reference for clini-cal practice.Methods Disc-shaped zirconia specimens(Ø 14 mm× 1.2 mm)with two different surface designs were fabricated using 3D printing technology:a smooth surface(Group S)and microporous surface(Group M),with 40 speci-mens in each group.Each group was further randomly divided into four subgroups according to surface treatment:un-treated(Subgroup U),alumina sandblasting(Subgroup ST),alumina sandblasting+Z-Prime ceramic primer(Subgroup ZP),and alumina sandblasting+Monobond N ceramic primer(Subgroup MN).The surface morphology was examined,roughness was measured,and wettability was evaluated via contact-angle testing.Composite resin cylinders(Ø 3.5 mm× 2.0 mm)were bonded to the zirconia surfaces with resin cement.Immediate SBS was determined by shear testing,and failure modes were analyzed.Results Scanning electron microscopy revealed clear micro-grooves(2-5 μm wide)in Subgroup S-U and micropores(approximately 400 μm in diameter)in Subgroup M-U.After sandblasting,the micro-grooves in Subgroup S-ST were partially destroyed with some micro-cracks,while the microporous structure in Subgroup M-ST remained clear.Compared with Subgroups S-U and M-U,sandblasted zirconia specimens(Subgroups S-ST,S-ZP,S-MN,M-ST,M-ZP,M-MN)showed significantly increased roughness and decreased contact angles.Different surface treatments significantly affected SBS between 3D-printed zirconia and resin.Sandblasted groups(Subgroups S-ST and M-ST)had significantly higher SBS than untreated groups(Subgroups S-U and M-U).The application of ceramic prim-ers after sandblasting(Subgroups S-ZP,S-MN,M-ZP,M-MN)further increased SBS;however,there was no statistically significant difference in SBS between the two primers used after sandblasting(Subgroup S-ZP vs.S-MN,Subgroup M-ZP vs.M-MN).Under the same surface treatment,microporous surface groups(Subgroups M-U,M-ST,M-MN,M-ZP)all ex-hibited significantly higher SBS than smooth surface groups(Subgroups S-U,S-ST,S-MN,S-ZP).Conclusion Fabri-cating a microporous surface using 3D printing technology can improve resin bonding effectiveness.Sandblasting com-bined with a ceramic primer yields the highest immediate SBS.