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论平台企业在外包经营中的用工责任OACHSSCD

On the Employment Responsibilities of Platform Enterprises in Outsourced Operations

中文摘要英文摘要

当下的平台企业大量通过"外包"的方式执行订单业务,除平台企业外,承包企业等多元主体也参与用工.这种外包经营模式有别于以往的单方用工,模糊了平台企业的劳动法地位,平台企业应否承担用工责任并不明确.平台外包经营呈现出用工主体多元化、用工合意被切断、用工管理协同化的特征,致使其难以适用针对单一用工主体的规则和劳务派遣规则,具有特别规制的必要性.平台企业在外包经营中介入了劳动过程,且这一介入行为具备可归责性,应当基于该行为承担用工责任.平台企业与承包企业的用工责任应当采用二元化的配置模式,并以责任性质为责任划分标准.平台企业应向平台劳动者负担以"保护"为内容的法定债务,劳动条件经由平台企业合理化之后,再由承包企业向平台劳动者履行合同义务.平台企业与承包企业之间的用工责任原则上各自独立,例外情况下由平台企业承担补充责任、连带责任、垫付责任.

Currently,platform enterprises largely execute orders through outsourcing,with multiple entities such as contracting firms also participating in employment arrangements.This outsourcing operation model differs from traditional unilateral employment,blurring the labor law status of platform enterprises and leaving uncertainty as to whether they should bear employment responsibilities.As platform outsourcing is characterized by the diversification of employment entities,the severance of employment consensus,and the coordination of employment management,making it difficult to apply rules designed for single employment entities or labor dispatch rules,thus necessitating special regulation.Platform enterprises intervene in the labor process within outsourced operations,and this intervention is attributable,meaning they should bear employment responsibilities based on such behavior.The employment responsibilities of platform enterprises and contracting enterprises should be configured using a dualistic model,with the nature of the responsibility serving as the standard for allocation.Platform enterprises should bear a statutory debt centered on"protection"towards platform workers.After labor conditions are rationalized by the platform enterprise,the contracting enterprise then fulfills contractual obligations towards the platform worker.In principle,the employment responsibilities of platform enterprises and contracting enterprises are independent;exceptionally,the platform enterprise bears supplementary liability,joint and several liability,or advance payment liability.

黄新泽

中国政法大学 民商经济法学院,北京 100088

社会科学

平台外包用工责任职能雇主劳动法

platform outsourcingemployment responsibilityfunctional employerlabor law

《中国劳动关系学院学报》 2026 (2)

66-77,12

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