从"+AI"走向"AI+":全球人工智能产业生态的政策体系、治理模式与经验启示OACHSSCD

Artificial intelligence(AI)large models,represented by ChatGPT and DeepSeek,are driving the shift from the+AI paradigm to the AI+paradigm and accelerating the emergence of nascent industrial ecosystems,yet research on AI industrial ecosystems(AIIE)from a global perspective remains scarce.Drawing on industrial ecosystem theory,this paper proposes the concept of the AIIE,systematically reviews and analyzes the policy frameworks of AIIE in both domestic and international contexts,identifies typical governance modes from a global perspective,and further distills in-sights and lessons for building a global AIIE.The results reveal that:firstly,the global AIIE comprises three core elements—AI industrialization,in-dustrial AI transformation,and ecosystem governance.The dual ecological evolution paths of"+AI"and"AI+"co-evolve and even tend towards a hy-brid coexistence,forming the two wings of the integrated and co-creative development of AI and industries.Meanwhile,the policy framework for the global AI industrial ecosystem exhibits characteristics such as diversified policy content,ecosystem-oriented governance scope,refined governance tar-gets,diversified governance entities,rich governance tools,and a policy paradigm shift from"+AI"to"AI+"orientation.The prototype of a Chinese characteristic solution system,as well as a policy ecosystem and mechanism complex characterized by competitive cooperation and multilateral collabora-tion among global parties,has already emerged.Furthermore,the governance system of the global AI industrial ecosystem has formed a tripartite basic pattern:the A-model represented by the United States(emphasizing innovation and development while weakening regulatory governance),the C-model represented by China(balancing innovation and development with regulatory governance),and the E-model represented by the European Union(em-phasizing regulatory governance while weakening innovation and development).Each of these three models has its own strengths and weaknesses,enga-ges in dynamic gameplay,and tends towards an adaptive hybrid governance paradigm.Finally,the construction of the AI industrial ecosystem should fully leverage the leading role of the industry and promote multi-party collaborative co-creation.It should implement an industrial ecosystem strategic route of"small entry points,deep penetration,"accelerate the closure of the commercial value loop,and emphasize the organic integration of industrial AI transformation and AI industrialization,the collaborative fusion of cloud-side large models and end-side small models,the dynamic balance between innovation and development and regulatory governance,the coordinated parallelism of centralized and distributed governance,the mixed use of open-source and closed-source routes,the parallel advancement of diversified ecological routes,and the dual-wheel drive of domestic governance and global co-governance.