江淮地区320份大豆种质资源蛋白、油脂含量的全基因组关联分析OA

To clarify the genetic basis of protein and oil contents in soybean germplasm resources from the Jianghuai region and facilitate molecular breeding of high-quality soybeans,this study used 320 soybean germplasm accessions from the Jianghuai region as materials.Field experiments were conducted under a randomized complete block design across different months from 2017 to 2021 to determine the phenotypic data of seed protein content and oil content.A total of 61 174 high-quality SNP markers were used for Genome-wide Association Study(GWAS)via the CMLM model,and haplotype analysis was combined to identify favorable loci and candidate genes.The results showed that both traits exhibited normal distribution,consistent with the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits.The broad-sense heritability of protein content was 55.6％,while that of oil content was 69.3％,indicating that the latter was less affected by environmental factors.The result identified 6 SNP markers significantly associated with protein content(-log10P≥4.78),among which Gm20_30617410 was detected repeatedly across multiple environments.17 significant SNP loci were detected for oil content,12 loci were repeatedly mapped in four environments(E3,E4,E6,and E7),and these loci were concentrated on the Gm05 chromosome.Candidate gene mining showed that Glyma20g21190(ribosomal protein)and Glyma20g21540(aminotransferase)might regulate protein synthesis,while Glyma05g33190(oxidoreductase)and Glyma05g33360(short-chain dehydrogenase)were involved in oil metabolism.The significant SNP markers and candidate genes identified in this study provide important theoretical basis and technical targets for marker-assisted breeding of soybean quality traits.