Recent progress and perspective of peroxisome-targeted bioengineering in plant chassisOA

In plant chassis,peroxisomes,as key hubs of metabolism,play important roles in fatty acidβ-oxidation,reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism and photorespiration.Fatty acidβ-oxidation breaks down fatty acids through a multi-step enzymatic reaction,providing precursors for energy metabolism and phytohormone synthesis;ROS metabolism maintains redox balance through the antioxidant system and enhances plant resilience;and photorespiration relies on the synergistic action of peroxisomes with other organelles to optimize the efficiency of carbon and nitrogen utilization.Notably,peroxisomes possess a clear and simple targeting signaling system and a flexible abundance regulation mechanism,which provide unique advantages for their metabolic engineering.Recent studies have achieved effective control of fatty acid accumulation and promoted crop lipid yield by modulating the activity and transport mechanism of specific enzymes within the peroxisome.Furthermore,by reconfiguring the metabolic pathways in peroxisomes,researchers successfully optimized the photorespiratory pathway,which significantly improved the energy utilization efficiency and enhanced the stress tolerance of crops.Meanwhile,the modification of ROS metabolism have also demonstrated potential to enhance the antioxidant capacity and environmental adaptability of plants.These advances not only deepen our understanding of the peroxisome functions,but also provide new strategies and technical tools for crop breeding improvement and efficient secondary metabolite synthesis,which are expected to have broader application prospects in agricultural biotechnology and natural product biosynthesis in the future.