mRNA Vaccination for Treating Allergy by Modulating Allergen-Specific ImmunityOA

Allergic diseases have become a significant global health issue with prevalence rates increasing over recent decades[1].However,safe and long-lasting strategies to prevent or treat allergic disorders are still lacking,with the exception of active allergen avoidance,physical protective measures,or the intake of antihistamines upon accidental exposure.Recently,Rochman et al.reported the application of a lipid nanoparticle(LNP)-mRNA platform to develop anti-allergy vaccines[2],which coincided with our recent finding that ovalbumin(OVA)-mRNA-LNP and OVA-interleukin(IL)-10-mRNA-LNP vaccines demonstrate prophylactic efficacy against the onset of allergic responses[3].Both studies proposed that an allergen-specific mRNA vaccine could shift Th2-type allergic immunity to a Th1 phenotype,and concomitantly elicit robust levels of allergen-specific immunoglobulin G(IgG)that block the immunoglobulin E(IgE)-allergen interaction.However,the rationale for using unmodified whole allergens in vaccine development remains uncertain based on the potential risk of allergenicity.Additionally,it remains to be determined whether Th1-type T cell responses or allergen-blocking antibodies play a more pivotal role in mediating anti-allergic effects.