非洲猪瘟病毒核酸检测技术研究进展OA

African Swine Fever Virus(ASFV)is a highly contagious and extremely lethal animal pathogen.Since its introduction to China,it has caused an unprecedented impact on the pig farming industry and seriously threatened the high-quality development of China's animal husbandry and food safety.At present,there is no safe and effective commercial vaccine available for controlling this virus.Therefore early diagnosis and rapid detection have become the key links in the prevention and control of African Swine Fever(ASF).With the continuous development of molecular biology technology,researchers have established various ASFV nucleic acid detection methods,including PCR,real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qPCR),digital PCR(dPCR),isothermal amplification techniques(such as LAMP,RPA),and CRISPR-based detection platforms.These methods have their own advantages and limitations in terms of sensitivity,specificity,detection speed,operational convenience and cost.These methods are suitable for different detection scenarios and requirements.This article combines the technical characteristics of the ASFV nucleic acid test kits registered in China,systematically reviews the research progress and application practices of ASFV nucleic acid detection technologies in recent years,analyzes its role and challenges in disease monitoring,early warning and precise prevention,aims to provide reference for the scientific prevention and the optimization of diagnostic strategies of ASF.