导入南非美利奴基因对高山美利奴羊毛用及生长性状的影响OA

To investigate the technical feasibility of improving the growth performance of Alpine Merino sheep and developing a fine-wool meat-type line by introgressing South African Merino genes while maintaining the wool quality of fine-wool sheep,a crossbreeding experiment was conducted from November 2019 to July 2021.In the experiment,5 South African Merino rams were used as male parents and 100 healthy Alpine Merino ewes as female parents to establish the experimental group[South African Merino ♂×Alpine Merino ♀];meanwhile,100 ewes of each of the Alpine Merino large-sized strain(TD),ultra-fine strain(CX),and polled strain(WJ)were subjected to purebred breeding,serving as three control groups.The production performance of sheep in each group at different growth stages was measured,and the obtained data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and multiple comparisons with SPSS 19.0 software.The results showed that the wool fineness of the F1 generation of South African Merino×Alpine Merino ranged from 20.27 to 21.50 μm,which still fell within the finer category of fine wool,effectively ensuring the wool quality.Regarding birth weight,the F1 male and female lambs increased by 0.70-0.75 kg compared with the ultra-fine strain(P<0.001);the body weight at 4 months of age increased by 3.04-3.14 kg compared with the ultra-fine strain(P<0.001)and 1.66 kg compared with the polled strain(P<0.05);the pre-weaning daily weight gain increased by 19.52-19.94 g/d compared with the ultra-fine strain(P<0.01);the yearling weight increased by 7.62-9.51 kg compared with the ultra-fine strain and 6.02-8.60 kg compared with the polled strain(P<0.01);the post-weaning daily weight gain increased by 18.23-36.36 g/d compared with all control groups(P<0.001),indicating extremely significant differences.The F1 generation exhibited significantly accelerated pre-weaning growth rate and faster growth and development compared with all Alpine Merino strains,achieving higher weaning weight and yearling weight within the same breeding cycle.Taking the sale of yearling sheep in 2021 as an example,each yearling F1 male and female generated at least 42.72 yuan more income per head than each of the Alpine Merino strains,with significant economic benefits.In conclusion,the introgression of South African Merino genes can significantly enhance the meat performance of Alpine Merino sheep while ensuring the compliance of their wool quality,thereby improving the economic benefits of breeders.This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of Alpine Merino meat-type lines and is suitable for popularization in grassland pastoral areas.