基于边界条件约束液晶拓扑缺陷的研究进展OA

Liquid crystals are anisotropic soft materials that combine fluidity with long-range orientational order,exhibiting pronounced optical,electrical,and mechanical anisotropy,which underpins their widespread use in displays and optical modulation.Furthermore,their unique ordered states also make them ideal model systems for studying symmetry breaking and continuous media order.However,such order is not perfect;defects readily form during self-assembly or under external perturbation.Advances in soft-matter physics and topological field theory have shifted the perception of defects from mere structural imperfections to programmable functional units.In this review,we summarize the origins,classification,and formation mechanisms of defects in liquid crystals,with a focus on their controllable construction via boundary conditions and their emerging applications.First,we outline fundamental defect types,including disclinations and dislocations,and describe their topological characteristics.This is followed by an analysis of the relationship between orientational order and defect formation.We then discuss strategies for regulating defects from three interfacial perspectives:microstructured solid boundaries,spontaneous anchoring at free interfaces,and field-responsive soft fluid interfaces,with an emphasis on spatial and configurational control.Finally,we highlight prospective applications in topological photonics,tunable lasers,microfluidic manipulation,and colloidal assembly.